Although the spring industry is a small industry in the entire manufacturing industry, its role can never be underestimated. The country’s industrial manufacturing and automobile industries must accelerate development, and the spring industry, which is one of the basic components and parts, needs even more of a period of development to adapt to the rapid development of the country’s entire industry. In addition, the expansion of the spring product variety and the improvement of the quality level are also the need for the replacement of mechanical equipment and the need for supporting host performance. Therefore, the development of the entire country's industry, spring products play an important role.
With the continuous development of the automobile, tractor, internal combustion engine, motorcycle, auxiliary vehicle and electric industry in our country, the varieties of springs are gradually increasing and the number is increasing. Although the market demand is very large, but the industrial structure of the spring industry in China is quite worrying!
For the spring industry, it has long formed a passive situation in which low-grade ordinary springs oversupply and high-end products (high-strength, high-stress, heterosexual parts, and special materials) are in short supply. At present, the output of the spring industry in China has become saturated. According to expert statistics, the annual production volume of springs in our country has reached 4 billion pieces. There are 21 types of spring products and more than 1600 varieties. There are mainly valve springs and suspension springs. Diaphragm springs, shock-absorbing springs, hydraulic springs, oil pump springs, dish springs, high-temperature springs, retainer springs, extension springs, torsion springs, compression springs, spiral springs, and springs of the opposite sex. At present, China's spring products are mainly springs with low technical content, and high-tech products such as the anisotropic and cross-section products can be produced only by a few large-scale plants. The following is a quoted snippet: According to the National Bureau of Statistics, the number of industrial enterprises in 1998 was about 541, of which 15 were joint ventures, 4 were sole proprietorships, 10 were research institutes, and the average number of employees was 37,208 (including engineers and technicians). About 3,000 people), industrial output value 2.348 billion yuan, industrial added value 680 million yuan, profit 0.57 billion yuan, profits and taxes 170 million yuan, fixed assets original value 1.157 billion yuan, net value (annual average balance) 742 million yuan, export earnings 1,000 More than 10,000 US dollars, 21 categories of products, more than 1600 varieties, labor productivity of 6.3117 million yuan / person. It is estimated that there are more than 1,700 companies in the industry, with a total output of 4 billion pieces and annual sales of 8 billion yuan.
The development of the spring industry during the “Eighth Five-Year Plan†and “Ninth Five-Year Plan†period is relatively rapid, especially in Shanghai, Tianjin, Guangzhou, Shandong, Changchun, Chongqing, etc., and other regions also have different degrees of development. In general, Better than other industries. Judging from the current situation, automobiles, motorcycles, auxiliary vehicles, internal combustion engines, electrical appliances, and instruments will also need to be developed. The development of these industries will drive the development of the spring industry.
In the face of the macroeconomic situation, the long-term accumulation of low-quality products, loose organizational structure, and weak development capabilities have long been accumulated in the industry. The deep-seated problems are mainly market, system, and mechanism issues. Due to the lag of system transition and mechanism conversion, the means for government intervention in the economy have not completely shifted to indirect management and macro-control. The relationship of property rights is not clear, and the powers and responsibilities have not yet been straightened out. Most of the enterprises have not truly become self-sustaining and self-financing market economies. The main body, the internal operating mechanism is rigid, the market concept is weak, and there is a lack of market awareness and competition awareness. It is difficult to adapt to the needs of the development of the situation and changes in the market. With the transformation of the national economy from the seller’s market to the buyer’s market, some deep-seated contradictions, especially the structural contradictions that have accumulated over the years, have become increasingly prominent. The current industrial structure is unreasonably manifested as: excess production capacity in some industries, irrational product structure, unreasonable technological structure, low level of major industrial equipment, small and scattered corporate organizations, lack of competitive strength and advantages, and convergence of regional structures. Comparative advantages and collaborative benefits.
First, the current status of the domestic spring industry development 1, the design: At present, the widely used spring stress and stiffness calculation formula is derived from the elementary material mechanics, without certain practical experience, it is difficult to design and manufacture a high-precision spring. With the increase of design stress, many previous experiences are not applicable. In recent years, more studies have been conducted on the FEM (Finite Element Method) design method, and some have entered the practical stage. In order to construct the data foundation of materials, the mechanical basic theory research of metal materials should be strengthened; in order to accurately predict the fatigue life and relaxation in the design stage, FEM technology must be mastered as the data basis for selecting the relationship between materials and stress.
2, raw materials: carbon and alloy material quality is poor, less varieties, incomplete specifications. The factory raw materials are not stripped and flawed, the surface and internal defects are serious, and the tensile strength fluctuates greatly (up to 10-20N), which affects the quality of the spring and the efficiency of the company. Raw materials have affected the development of China's spring industry, and it is necessary to improve quality, develop varieties, create brand names, meet industry needs, and replace imports. In addition to the solution of the chemical composition, the spring material mainly solves the problem of reducing non-metallic inclusions and controlling surface quality and dimensional accuracy. The main requirement for the spring material is that the spring working under high strength should have a high fatigue life and good relaxation resistance, and should have corrosion resistance, non-magnetic, electrical conductivity, abrasion resistance, and resistance, depending on the application. Heat and so on.
3. The products of our country's spring products are incomplete, mostly low-tech products with simple production structures, easy molding, and large quantities. However, only a few manufacturers have the ability to produce high-precision technical products with complex structures, and the output is far from sufficient. To meet market demand. Product performance and foreign similar products also have a certain gap, such as the spring load accuracy, verticality accuracy, there are many gaps, concentrated response in the performance of instability, some important quality indicators of large dispersion, the service life is not stable. Especially when the host requires the spring to work under high-speed and high-stress conditions, the contradiction becomes more prominent. The future development direction of the spring should be: high strength, long life, lightweight, miniaturization, shaped parts, and assemblies. Strengthen the development of new spring products, increase research on new products, and continue to expand the variety of spring products.
4, technology manufacturing technology directly affects the quality of the spring and affect the spring design. At present, the proportion of technical personnel in the spring industry in China is too low, and the technical level of workers is low. During the 10th Five-Year Plan period, enterprises should increase the proportion and number of technicians to a greater extent, strengthen the training for workers, increase the technical level of workers, and strengthen the strength of researchers.
5. Equipment The equipment used by most manufacturers in China's spring industry is relatively backward, especially the state-owned old enterprises are more serious. Especially the testing equipment and testing equipment, the current domestic product accuracy can not reach and the variety is incomplete, still can not meet the demand, mainly imported from abroad. At present, the mechanical spring processing equipment and spring processing production line is going to the depth and breadth development of NC and CNC.
With the continuous development of the automobile, tractor, internal combustion engine, motorcycle, auxiliary vehicle and electric industry in our country, the varieties of springs are gradually increasing and the number is increasing. Although the market demand is very large, but the industrial structure of the spring industry in China is quite worrying!
For the spring industry, it has long formed a passive situation in which low-grade ordinary springs oversupply and high-end products (high-strength, high-stress, heterosexual parts, and special materials) are in short supply. At present, the output of the spring industry in China has become saturated. According to expert statistics, the annual production volume of springs in our country has reached 4 billion pieces. There are 21 types of spring products and more than 1600 varieties. There are mainly valve springs and suspension springs. Diaphragm springs, shock-absorbing springs, hydraulic springs, oil pump springs, dish springs, high-temperature springs, retainer springs, extension springs, torsion springs, compression springs, spiral springs, and springs of the opposite sex. At present, China's spring products are mainly springs with low technical content, and high-tech products such as the anisotropic and cross-section products can be produced only by a few large-scale plants. The following is a quoted snippet: According to the National Bureau of Statistics, the number of industrial enterprises in 1998 was about 541, of which 15 were joint ventures, 4 were sole proprietorships, 10 were research institutes, and the average number of employees was 37,208 (including engineers and technicians). About 3,000 people), industrial output value 2.348 billion yuan, industrial added value 680 million yuan, profit 0.57 billion yuan, profits and taxes 170 million yuan, fixed assets original value 1.157 billion yuan, net value (annual average balance) 742 million yuan, export earnings 1,000 More than 10,000 US dollars, 21 categories of products, more than 1600 varieties, labor productivity of 6.3117 million yuan / person. It is estimated that there are more than 1,700 companies in the industry, with a total output of 4 billion pieces and annual sales of 8 billion yuan.
The development of the spring industry during the “Eighth Five-Year Plan†and “Ninth Five-Year Plan†period is relatively rapid, especially in Shanghai, Tianjin, Guangzhou, Shandong, Changchun, Chongqing, etc., and other regions also have different degrees of development. In general, Better than other industries. Judging from the current situation, automobiles, motorcycles, auxiliary vehicles, internal combustion engines, electrical appliances, and instruments will also need to be developed. The development of these industries will drive the development of the spring industry.
In the face of the macroeconomic situation, the long-term accumulation of low-quality products, loose organizational structure, and weak development capabilities have long been accumulated in the industry. The deep-seated problems are mainly market, system, and mechanism issues. Due to the lag of system transition and mechanism conversion, the means for government intervention in the economy have not completely shifted to indirect management and macro-control. The relationship of property rights is not clear, and the powers and responsibilities have not yet been straightened out. Most of the enterprises have not truly become self-sustaining and self-financing market economies. The main body, the internal operating mechanism is rigid, the market concept is weak, and there is a lack of market awareness and competition awareness. It is difficult to adapt to the needs of the development of the situation and changes in the market. With the transformation of the national economy from the seller’s market to the buyer’s market, some deep-seated contradictions, especially the structural contradictions that have accumulated over the years, have become increasingly prominent. The current industrial structure is unreasonably manifested as: excess production capacity in some industries, irrational product structure, unreasonable technological structure, low level of major industrial equipment, small and scattered corporate organizations, lack of competitive strength and advantages, and convergence of regional structures. Comparative advantages and collaborative benefits.
First, the current status of the domestic spring industry development 1, the design: At present, the widely used spring stress and stiffness calculation formula is derived from the elementary material mechanics, without certain practical experience, it is difficult to design and manufacture a high-precision spring. With the increase of design stress, many previous experiences are not applicable. In recent years, more studies have been conducted on the FEM (Finite Element Method) design method, and some have entered the practical stage. In order to construct the data foundation of materials, the mechanical basic theory research of metal materials should be strengthened; in order to accurately predict the fatigue life and relaxation in the design stage, FEM technology must be mastered as the data basis for selecting the relationship between materials and stress.
2, raw materials: carbon and alloy material quality is poor, less varieties, incomplete specifications. The factory raw materials are not stripped and flawed, the surface and internal defects are serious, and the tensile strength fluctuates greatly (up to 10-20N), which affects the quality of the spring and the efficiency of the company. Raw materials have affected the development of China's spring industry, and it is necessary to improve quality, develop varieties, create brand names, meet industry needs, and replace imports. In addition to the solution of the chemical composition, the spring material mainly solves the problem of reducing non-metallic inclusions and controlling surface quality and dimensional accuracy. The main requirement for the spring material is that the spring working under high strength should have a high fatigue life and good relaxation resistance, and should have corrosion resistance, non-magnetic, electrical conductivity, abrasion resistance, and resistance, depending on the application. Heat and so on.
3. The products of our country's spring products are incomplete, mostly low-tech products with simple production structures, easy molding, and large quantities. However, only a few manufacturers have the ability to produce high-precision technical products with complex structures, and the output is far from sufficient. To meet market demand. Product performance and foreign similar products also have a certain gap, such as the spring load accuracy, verticality accuracy, there are many gaps, concentrated response in the performance of instability, some important quality indicators of large dispersion, the service life is not stable. Especially when the host requires the spring to work under high-speed and high-stress conditions, the contradiction becomes more prominent. The future development direction of the spring should be: high strength, long life, lightweight, miniaturization, shaped parts, and assemblies. Strengthen the development of new spring products, increase research on new products, and continue to expand the variety of spring products.
4, technology manufacturing technology directly affects the quality of the spring and affect the spring design. At present, the proportion of technical personnel in the spring industry in China is too low, and the technical level of workers is low. During the 10th Five-Year Plan period, enterprises should increase the proportion and number of technicians to a greater extent, strengthen the training for workers, increase the technical level of workers, and strengthen the strength of researchers.
5. Equipment The equipment used by most manufacturers in China's spring industry is relatively backward, especially the state-owned old enterprises are more serious. Especially the testing equipment and testing equipment, the current domestic product accuracy can not reach and the variety is incomplete, still can not meet the demand, mainly imported from abroad. At present, the mechanical spring processing equipment and spring processing production line is going to the depth and breadth development of NC and CNC.