In the production of vegetables, if the fertilizer is improperly applied or used excessively, it will cause a large amount of nitrate to accumulate in the vegetable plants. When nitrate is ingested into the human body, it can induce canceration of the human digestive system and seriously threaten human health. Therefore, rational application of fertilizer is an important part of the production of pollution-free vegetables. The technical brief is as follows.
1. Increase the application of organic fertilizers Organic fertilizers not only contain a variety of nutrients needed for the growth of vegetables, but also improve the soil; the application of organic fertilizer can not only meet the demand for various nutrients, but also reduce vegetable pollution and improve the quality of vegetables. When applying organic fertilizer, attention should be paid to full decomposing to prevent the contamination of vegetables by harmful microorganisms. Commonly used organic fertilizers are manure and manure, green manure, and soil fertilizer.
2. Reducing the application of chemical fertilizers The large-scale use of chemical fertilizers, especially nitrogen fertilizers, is a major factor contributing to the large accumulation of nitrate in vegetable plants. Therefore, in the production of pollution-free vegetables, the application amount of chemical fertilizers, especially nitrogen fertilizers, should be minimized, and the use of nitrate nitrogen fertilizers is prohibited. The total application rate of nitrogen fertilizer is generally controlled within 30 kg per mu, and it should be applied early and deep, pay attention to the combination of base fertilizer and top dressing, nitrogen fertilizer combined with phosphorus and potassium fertilizer application, and cover soil after application.
3. Application of bio-fertilizers Bio-fertilizers, unlike organic and inorganic fertilizers, do not provide the nutrients required by plants, but can improve the nutrient conditions of the soil through the products of microbial activities, so that the soil can exert potential fertility or stimulate plant growth and development. The disease resistance of the plant, thereby increasing yield. Biological fertilizers should be applied in conjunction with other fertilizers to give full play to the effects of biological fertilizers. Biological fertilizers include nitrogen-fixing bacteria fertilizer, decomposition bacteria fertilizer, antibiotic fertilizer, and compound fertilizer.
4. Vegetables that are easy to accumulate nitrate according to the type of vegetables and the season of cultivation, such as spinach, cabbage, leeks, lettuce, etc., should be applied to minimize the application of nitrogen fertilizer, vegetables with light nitrate accumulation such as tomatoes, eggplant, pepper, radish, carrots, etc. Root vegetables, cabbage, lettuce, etc., can be suitably applied. Summer and autumn vegetables
Growing in the hot season, the plant grows fast, the metabolism is strong, the nitrate accumulation is less, and the nitrogen fertilizer can be applied in an appropriate amount. The growth season of winter spring vegetables is low, the light is weak, the activity of nitrate reductase in the plant decreases, and nitrate is easily accumulated. Should be applied less or not. In addition, leafy vegetables cannot be fertilized on the foliar surface, and nitrogen fertilizer cannot be applied as foliar spray fertilizer.
5. Control sewage irrigation The sewage contains a large number of germs, eggs, heavy metal ions and toxic substances. Direct irrigation will pollute the vegetables, which must be used after harmless treatment, combined with irrigation with clear water, in the morning and evening when the temperature is low.
1. Increase the application of organic fertilizers Organic fertilizers not only contain a variety of nutrients needed for the growth of vegetables, but also improve the soil; the application of organic fertilizer can not only meet the demand for various nutrients, but also reduce vegetable pollution and improve the quality of vegetables. When applying organic fertilizer, attention should be paid to full decomposing to prevent the contamination of vegetables by harmful microorganisms. Commonly used organic fertilizers are manure and manure, green manure, and soil fertilizer.
2. Reducing the application of chemical fertilizers The large-scale use of chemical fertilizers, especially nitrogen fertilizers, is a major factor contributing to the large accumulation of nitrate in vegetable plants. Therefore, in the production of pollution-free vegetables, the application amount of chemical fertilizers, especially nitrogen fertilizers, should be minimized, and the use of nitrate nitrogen fertilizers is prohibited. The total application rate of nitrogen fertilizer is generally controlled within 30 kg per mu, and it should be applied early and deep, pay attention to the combination of base fertilizer and top dressing, nitrogen fertilizer combined with phosphorus and potassium fertilizer application, and cover soil after application.
3. Application of bio-fertilizers Bio-fertilizers, unlike organic and inorganic fertilizers, do not provide the nutrients required by plants, but can improve the nutrient conditions of the soil through the products of microbial activities, so that the soil can exert potential fertility or stimulate plant growth and development. The disease resistance of the plant, thereby increasing yield. Biological fertilizers should be applied in conjunction with other fertilizers to give full play to the effects of biological fertilizers. Biological fertilizers include nitrogen-fixing bacteria fertilizer, decomposition bacteria fertilizer, antibiotic fertilizer, and compound fertilizer.
4. Vegetables that are easy to accumulate nitrate according to the type of vegetables and the season of cultivation, such as spinach, cabbage, leeks, lettuce, etc., should be applied to minimize the application of nitrogen fertilizer, vegetables with light nitrate accumulation such as tomatoes, eggplant, pepper, radish, carrots, etc. Root vegetables, cabbage, lettuce, etc., can be suitably applied. Summer and autumn vegetables
Growing in the hot season, the plant grows fast, the metabolism is strong, the nitrate accumulation is less, and the nitrogen fertilizer can be applied in an appropriate amount. The growth season of winter spring vegetables is low, the light is weak, the activity of nitrate reductase in the plant decreases, and nitrate is easily accumulated. Should be applied less or not. In addition, leafy vegetables cannot be fertilized on the foliar surface, and nitrogen fertilizer cannot be applied as foliar spray fertilizer.
5. Control sewage irrigation The sewage contains a large number of germs, eggs, heavy metal ions and toxic substances. Direct irrigation will pollute the vegetables, which must be used after harmless treatment, combined with irrigation with clear water, in the morning and evening when the temperature is low.
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