Vegetable soil testing and fertilization technology is a relatively successful technology introduced by the Institute of Vegetables of Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences after 10 years of experimental research. It has the characteristics of increasing production and income, saving fertilizer, improving fertilizer utilization, and reducing nitrate pollution to vegetables and the environment.
First, the principle of soil testing and fertilization
According to the yield of vegetables and the amount of nutrients absorbed, as well as the soil nutrient status of the vegetable field, the amount of fertilizer was determined, and the fertilization period was determined according to the nutritional and physiological characteristics of the vegetables. Vegetable seedlings need less nutrients, and more nutrients are needed during vigorous growth and product formation. Organic fertilizers and phosphate fertilizers are generally used as a basis for sowing and planting of vegetables, and quick-acting nitrogen and potassium fertilizers can be used for topdressing in the middle of vegetable growth. The number of top dressings can be determined according to the length of growth period of vegetables. Vegetables with short growth period can be used to catch 1~2 times of fertilizer in the middle of growth period. Vegetables with long growing period can chase 3~4 times of fertilizer when there is more nutrient demand. Generally, every 15 to 20 days, chasing 1 to 2 times of fertilizer, generally chasing 1 to 2 times of fertilizer every 15 to 20 days, and determining fertilization methods according to different vegetables and different fertilizers. Phosphate fertilizer is easy to be fixed by soil, and should be applied centrally, strip application or acupoint application. Nitrogen and potassium fertilizers are generally applied as ditching or acupoints, and can be applied with water in the later stages of growth.
1. Adding Organic Fertilizer It is best to apply organic fertilizer with more cellulose (ie higher carbon to nitrogen ratio), which can greatly enhance the nutrient buffering capacity of the soil, prevent salt accumulation and delay the soil salinization process.
2. Scientific monitoring of the promotion of fertilization The conductivity of the soil solution was monitored using a conductivity meter (also often written as an EC meter and the measured data is an EC value). If there is a certain EC value, vegetables will have a birth retardation. If it is found to be close to the critical value, stop fertilizing and properly watering.
3. Deepening the ploughing of the soil due to the accumulation of salt in the soil of the protected area, after the vegetables are harvested, deep-turning, turning the topsoil rich in salt to the lower layer, turning the lower layer of soil with less salt to the top Can greatly reduce salt damage.
4. Use the change of the gap, remove the salt, dissolve the salt or fill the salt, wash the salt, and remove the film. After the harvest in the rainy season, if there is no film for 10 days, the sun and rain will be effective for eliminating the soil obstacle; or at high temperature. Season, the flooding of large water, the ground cover film to raise the water temperature, not only can wash salt, but also can kill the bacteria, which is conducive to the high yield and stable production of vegetables.
5. Deep application of base fertilizer, limited application of fertilizer. When using chemical fertilizer as base fertilizer, apply it as a base fertilizer. Try to "small times" as a top dressing. It is best to mix fertilizer and organic fertilizer on the ground and then plow it. Top dressing is generally difficult to apply in depth, so it is necessary to strictly control the amount of fertilizer applied each time, and increase the number of top dressings to meet the demand for nutrients in vegetables. It is not possible to apply too much fertilizer at one time, resulting in an increase in the concentration of soil solution.
6. Strongly advocate root dressing, plants rely mainly on roots to absorb nutrients, leaves and tender stems can also absorb nutrients directly from the solution sprayed on their surface. In the cultivation of protected areas, since the top dressing does not add trouble to the soil, it should be strongly advocated. Urea and superphosphate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, as well as some trace elements, are suitable as top dressings.
7. Ground Covering Ground cover has a significant effect on the inhibition of surface salts.
First, the principle of soil testing and fertilization
According to the yield of vegetables and the amount of nutrients absorbed, as well as the soil nutrient status of the vegetable field, the amount of fertilizer was determined, and the fertilization period was determined according to the nutritional and physiological characteristics of the vegetables. Vegetable seedlings need less nutrients, and more nutrients are needed during vigorous growth and product formation. Organic fertilizers and phosphate fertilizers are generally used as a basis for sowing and planting of vegetables, and quick-acting nitrogen and potassium fertilizers can be used for topdressing in the middle of vegetable growth. The number of top dressings can be determined according to the length of growth period of vegetables. Vegetables with short growth period can be used to catch 1~2 times of fertilizer in the middle of growth period. Vegetables with long growing period can chase 3~4 times of fertilizer when there is more nutrient demand. Generally, every 15 to 20 days, chasing 1 to 2 times of fertilizer, generally chasing 1 to 2 times of fertilizer every 15 to 20 days, and determining fertilization methods according to different vegetables and different fertilizers. Phosphate fertilizer is easy to be fixed by soil, and should be applied centrally, strip application or acupoint application. Nitrogen and potassium fertilizers are generally applied as ditching or acupoints, and can be applied with water in the later stages of growth.
1. Adding Organic Fertilizer It is best to apply organic fertilizer with more cellulose (ie higher carbon to nitrogen ratio), which can greatly enhance the nutrient buffering capacity of the soil, prevent salt accumulation and delay the soil salinization process.
2. Scientific monitoring of the promotion of fertilization The conductivity of the soil solution was monitored using a conductivity meter (also often written as an EC meter and the measured data is an EC value). If there is a certain EC value, vegetables will have a birth retardation. If it is found to be close to the critical value, stop fertilizing and properly watering.
3. Deepening the ploughing of the soil due to the accumulation of salt in the soil of the protected area, after the vegetables are harvested, deep-turning, turning the topsoil rich in salt to the lower layer, turning the lower layer of soil with less salt to the top Can greatly reduce salt damage.
4. Use the change of the gap, remove the salt, dissolve the salt or fill the salt, wash the salt, and remove the film. After the harvest in the rainy season, if there is no film for 10 days, the sun and rain will be effective for eliminating the soil obstacle; or at high temperature. Season, the flooding of large water, the ground cover film to raise the water temperature, not only can wash salt, but also can kill the bacteria, which is conducive to the high yield and stable production of vegetables.
5. Deep application of base fertilizer, limited application of fertilizer. When using chemical fertilizer as base fertilizer, apply it as a base fertilizer. Try to "small times" as a top dressing. It is best to mix fertilizer and organic fertilizer on the ground and then plow it. Top dressing is generally difficult to apply in depth, so it is necessary to strictly control the amount of fertilizer applied each time, and increase the number of top dressings to meet the demand for nutrients in vegetables. It is not possible to apply too much fertilizer at one time, resulting in an increase in the concentration of soil solution.
6. Strongly advocate root dressing, plants rely mainly on roots to absorb nutrients, leaves and tender stems can also absorb nutrients directly from the solution sprayed on their surface. In the cultivation of protected areas, since the top dressing does not add trouble to the soil, it should be strongly advocated. Urea and superphosphate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, as well as some trace elements, are suitable as top dressings.
7. Ground Covering Ground cover has a significant effect on the inhibition of surface salts.
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