Under normal and fault conditions, the safe operation of the solar photovoltaic power generation device is ensured. This is an important consideration for achieving proper energy output and safety levels during the system design phase. Once the PV installation is operational, it is important to ensure that the long-term performance of the system will not be affected by substandard installations or poor repairs. In this regard, there are some key solar PV system characteristics that need to be relied on to conduct appropriate electrical tests and inspections on a regular basis. Here are 10 reasons why you should seriously consider regular inspections after PV system installation.
1. Conform to IEC62446 standard
IEC62446 recommends periodic verification of existing installations. This standard defines the minimum requirements for system recording, photovoltaic system commissioning and inspection. The standard not only stipulates minimum electrical test and inspection requirements, but also stipulates how to record the inspection and test results and provide them to consumers after installation.
Whenever possible, the aforementioned periodic verification results and recommendations should be considered. A periodic verification report should include all faults, repairs, or improvement suggestions (such as upgrading the system to meet current standards).
2. Avoid fire risk
With the increase in the number of rooftop solar installation systems in the past few years, the number of reports on fire is also increasing. Domestic fires caused by electrical faults in rooftop solar photovoltaic systems have occurred in the United Kingdom, Australia, the United States, France and China. Regular testing of the electrical wiring and components of the PV system can ensure the safe operation of the system and reduce any potential fire hazard associated with electrical faults.
3. Effective grounding
As with all electrical equipment, solar panels and rack systems must be grounded to reduce potential for electric shock and fire. If the grounding system is degraded over time, anybody who is approaching and touching the metal components of the PV system may be exposed to electric shock. Although the possibility of electric shock is low, once it occurs, the chance of substantial damage due to the high voltage of the array is high and there is also the risk of falling from a roof installation.
4. Ground fault
Photovoltaic power generation systems, especially large-scale ones, have long wiring and most of them are buried underground. Low insulation levels will leak electricity from the PV system to the ground. Insulation monitoring or residual current monitoring of the inverter under humid conditions will also prevent the inverter from starting, which in turn will significantly reduce the operating efficiency of the PV installation. This is also a big problem.
5. Environmental attenuation
The PV system itself determines that it will be exposed to the environment. The degradation of the performance of the photovoltaic device and even the risk of fire due to the deterioration of the performance of the cable and connector due to moisture erosion or corrosion. Routine electrical testing will ensure system performance monitoring and take any necessary repair or remedial action.
6. Surface contamination and physical damage
PV modules become dirty or contaminated during use, reducing operating efficiency and system performance. Similarly, exposure to the environment may cause physical damage to the PV-mounted components. Foreign matter such as bird droppings can damage PV modules and affect output performance. Periodic electrical testing as part of regular maintenance will allow any problem to be identified and diagnosed.
7. The wire is damaged
The most obvious example of a cabling error is when the wires run underneath the assembly and touch the roof or vegetation. Eventually, the abrasion of the cable coating or the spoilage of rodents may cause the bare metal wires to be exposed, which may cause electric shock. Any aging cable connection and wiring can be determined through routine electrical tests for potential failure.
8. System Performance Verification
The installation of solar photovoltaic power generation systems is only carried out after careful cost considerations, feed-in tariff subsidies and investment returns.
Therefore, verification of system performance and output of component power generation is particularly important. In many cases, simple electrical faults or line faults can result in a serious shortage of power generation capabilities of the components. While proper metering can give an indication of system performance, periodic electrical testing is the key to verifying long-term continuous performance.
9. Warranty and promise fulfillment
The periodical electrical test of the solar photovoltaic system can help identify and confirm continuous safe operation and maximum energy output performance. The test can be used as part of product warranty and PV system component assurance.
10. Customer files
All solar photovoltaic power generation devices need to provide customers with various documents and forms. System records typically include system data, detailed electrical diagrams, installer information, operation and maintenance instructions, and other information required by standards or regulatory agency requirements.
All test and debug data copies should also provide, at a minimum, the results of electrical safety and verification tests that should be included as part of the system installation process.
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