Phytotoxicity refers to a variety of pathological reactions caused by improper application of pesticides, including tissue damage, growth retardation, plant metamorphosis, and reduced yield. In the process of prevention and control of vegetable pests and diseases in protected areas, due to the special climatic conditions of the protected areas, phytotoxicity is highly likely to occur, causing unnecessary losses. The causes, symptoms and remedial measures of the phytotoxicity of vegetables in protected areas are described below for reference. First, the cause is the misuse of the pesticide or the misuse of the herbicide, the second is the application of pesticide concentration is too large or repeated application, the third is to apply under high temperature or high humidity conditions, the fourth is the application of inferior quality Pesticide, the fifth is that the application of the soil is not uniform enough.
Second, the symptoms of phytotoxicity Spots: Spots mainly occur on the leaves, sometimes on the stems or fruit epidermis, and are commonly found in brown spots, maculas, and net spots. The spots caused by phytotoxicity are different from those caused by physiological diseases. It is distributed irregularly on the plants. The whole plot is light and heavy, and the lesions are usually common, and the symptoms of the plants are consistent. Compared with the spots caused by fungal diseases, the spots caused by the phytotoxicity are large, the shape changes greatly, and there is no center of disease. 2. Yellowing: Yellowing mainly occurs in the stems and leaves of vegetables, with mostly leaves. The main cause of yellowing is that the pesticide destroys the chlorophyll in the leaves, the light leaves are yellow, and the heavy ones are yellow. 3. Malformation: Malformations caused by phytotoxicity can occur in the stems, leaves, fruits and roots of vegetables. Commonly, there are rolled leaves, clumps, swollen roots, and fruit deformities. The malformation caused by phytotoxicity is different from the malformation caused by viral disease. The former is common, and the plant appears as local symptoms. The latter often occurs sporadically, manifesting as systemic symptoms, and often accompanied by symptoms such as mosaics and wrinkles. 4. Withering: The wilting caused by phytotoxicity is often caused by symptoms of the whole plant, usually caused by improper application of herbicides. The wilting caused by phytotoxicity is different from the wilting symptoms caused by plant infection. The former has no morbidity center, and the process is slower. After the yellowing, the dead seedlings are not browned, while the latter is blocked by the rhizome. When sunlight is irradiated and the water evaporation of the plant is large, the green leaves and dead seedlings are first wilted, and the rhizome ducts often undergo browning. 5. Growth stagnation: The slow growth of plants caused by phytotoxicity is more likely to be caused by spots or other phytotoxicity symptoms than the symptoms of stagnation or deficiency caused by physiological diseases, and the symptoms of poisoning are often caused by poor root growth. Deficiency syndrome is characterized by yellowish or dark green leaves.
Third, remedial measures Water spray: If the leaves and plants cause phytotoxicity caused by spraying the liquid, when the early liquid has not been completely penetrated or absorbed, the leaves can be sprayed quickly with a large amount of water, washed 3-4 times repeatedly, and the medicine on the surface of the plant should be used as much as possible. The liquid is washed away and combined with cultivating loose soil to promote root development and restore the plant to normal growth. 2. Applying quick-acting fertilizer: After the phytotoxicity occurs, it is necessary to timely water and apply quick-acting fertilizer such as urea. In addition, 1-2% urea or 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution should be sprayed on the foliage to promote plant growth and improve its ability to resist phytotoxicity. 3. Use of antidote or plant growth regulator: According to the nature of the pesticide causing the phytotoxicity, the drug is neutralized with the opposite nature. For example, 0.5% of the quicklime water can be sprayed after spraying a large amount of copper sulfate, and the gibberellin can be sprayed after the spraying of the paclobutrazol is excessive, and the foliar spraying can also be carried out by using the leaf surface treasure. 4. Irrigation and washing of the field: For the field where the soil is applied excessively, the field should be washed with water as early as possible, so that a large amount of medicine can be discharged from the field with water to reduce the phytotoxicity. 5. Removal of the victim: timely removal of the fruits, shoots, and leaves of the vegetables to prevent the drug in the plant from continuing to conduct and penetrate.
Second, the symptoms of phytotoxicity Spots: Spots mainly occur on the leaves, sometimes on the stems or fruit epidermis, and are commonly found in brown spots, maculas, and net spots. The spots caused by phytotoxicity are different from those caused by physiological diseases. It is distributed irregularly on the plants. The whole plot is light and heavy, and the lesions are usually common, and the symptoms of the plants are consistent. Compared with the spots caused by fungal diseases, the spots caused by the phytotoxicity are large, the shape changes greatly, and there is no center of disease. 2. Yellowing: Yellowing mainly occurs in the stems and leaves of vegetables, with mostly leaves. The main cause of yellowing is that the pesticide destroys the chlorophyll in the leaves, the light leaves are yellow, and the heavy ones are yellow. 3. Malformation: Malformations caused by phytotoxicity can occur in the stems, leaves, fruits and roots of vegetables. Commonly, there are rolled leaves, clumps, swollen roots, and fruit deformities. The malformation caused by phytotoxicity is different from the malformation caused by viral disease. The former is common, and the plant appears as local symptoms. The latter often occurs sporadically, manifesting as systemic symptoms, and often accompanied by symptoms such as mosaics and wrinkles. 4. Withering: The wilting caused by phytotoxicity is often caused by symptoms of the whole plant, usually caused by improper application of herbicides. The wilting caused by phytotoxicity is different from the wilting symptoms caused by plant infection. The former has no morbidity center, and the process is slower. After the yellowing, the dead seedlings are not browned, while the latter is blocked by the rhizome. When sunlight is irradiated and the water evaporation of the plant is large, the green leaves and dead seedlings are first wilted, and the rhizome ducts often undergo browning. 5. Growth stagnation: The slow growth of plants caused by phytotoxicity is more likely to be caused by spots or other phytotoxicity symptoms than the symptoms of stagnation or deficiency caused by physiological diseases, and the symptoms of poisoning are often caused by poor root growth. Deficiency syndrome is characterized by yellowish or dark green leaves.
Third, remedial measures Water spray: If the leaves and plants cause phytotoxicity caused by spraying the liquid, when the early liquid has not been completely penetrated or absorbed, the leaves can be sprayed quickly with a large amount of water, washed 3-4 times repeatedly, and the medicine on the surface of the plant should be used as much as possible. The liquid is washed away and combined with cultivating loose soil to promote root development and restore the plant to normal growth. 2. Applying quick-acting fertilizer: After the phytotoxicity occurs, it is necessary to timely water and apply quick-acting fertilizer such as urea. In addition, 1-2% urea or 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution should be sprayed on the foliage to promote plant growth and improve its ability to resist phytotoxicity. 3. Use of antidote or plant growth regulator: According to the nature of the pesticide causing the phytotoxicity, the drug is neutralized with the opposite nature. For example, 0.5% of the quicklime water can be sprayed after spraying a large amount of copper sulfate, and the gibberellin can be sprayed after the spraying of the paclobutrazol is excessive, and the foliar spraying can also be carried out by using the leaf surface treasure. 4. Irrigation and washing of the field: For the field where the soil is applied excessively, the field should be washed with water as early as possible, so that a large amount of medicine can be discharged from the field with water to reduce the phytotoxicity. 5. Removal of the victim: timely removal of the fruits, shoots, and leaves of the vegetables to prevent the drug in the plant from continuing to conduct and penetrate.
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