1. Selection of fertilizer
The type and type of fertilizer that does not adversely affect the nutrition and quality of the environment and vegetables should be selected. The types and types of fertilizers that can be applied in safe vegetable production can include the following: organic fertilizers include farmyard manure and commercial organic fertilizers, and farmyard manures include compost, mud, cake fertilizer, manure, biogas fertilizer, green manure, crop straw, and the like. The compost should meet the NY/T394-2000 "Hygiene Standard for High Temperature Composting". Commercial organic fertilizers shall comply with the “Permissible Contents of Contaminants in Organic Fertilizers†in NY/T5018. Microbial fertilizers include humic acid fertilizers, rhizobial fertilizers, potassium bacterial fertilizers, phosphorus bacterial fertilizers, and compound microbial fertilizers. The effective viable count of microbial fertilizers must meet the requirements of 4.1 of Microbial Fertilizer NY227, and the health indicators must meet the requirements of 4.2 “Defective Harmlessness Index†in NY227. Inorganic mineral fertilizers include inorganic nitrogen fertilizer, mineral potassium fertilizer, and mineral phosphate fertilizer. Inorganic nitrogen fertilizer should be selected to apply ammonium nitrogen fertilizer or urea; phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should meet the requirements of NY/T394-2000 sanitary standard, in which phosphate fertilizer advocates the application of calcined phosphate, the impurity control index is: 1% P2O5, As≤0.004%, Cd ≤0.01%, Pb≤0.002%; Potassium fertilizer advocates the application of potassium sulfate, the impurity control index is: 1% K2O, As≤0.004%, Cl≤3%, H2SO4≤0.5%. Medium and trace element fertilizers Calcium, magnesium, copper, iron, boron, zinc, molybdenum, manganese and other medium and trace elements are mainly composed of single elements or several elements.
2. Reasonable application of fertilizer
(1) Adding organic fertilizers The application of organic fertilizers should not only be sufficient, but must be made harmless. NY/T394-2000 "Guidelines for the Application of Green Food Fertilizers" requires the production of safe vegetables. Organic fertilizers (such as compost, manure, manure, biogas fertilizer) that are officially recommended for safe vegetable production and fully decomposed (harmless) should be used. , green manure, crop straw, mud fertilizer, cake fertilizer, etc.), it is strictly forbidden to apply unfertilized organic fertilizer.
(2) Reasonable application of nitrogen fertilizer Safe vegetable production should be preferentially applied with ammonium nitrogen fertilizer and urea. It is generally not recommended to apply nitrate nitrogen fertilizer alone. In production, the appropriate nitrogen fertilizer application rate should be determined according to the production index to obtain high-yield and high-quality vegetables. The application of nitrogen fertilizer should adopt the measures of “pre-weight and lightnessâ€, of which 1/3 should be used for base application, 2/3 should be used for topdressing, and vegetables harvested by leaf vegetables and roots should be executed for not less than 30 days. Security interval. In order to reduce and control the nitrate content of vegetables, nitrogen inhibitors such as dicyandiamide can be used to inhibit the activity of soil digestive bacteria, thereby reducing the accumulation of nitrate content in soil and vegetables.
(3) Balanced fertilization to carry out balanced fertilization of vegetables, change traditional blind fertilization for quantitative and scientific fertilization, fully improve fertilizer utilization rate and vegetable yield, improve the quality of vegetable products, and improve the economic, ecological and social benefits of fertilization. Achieve the best benefits with the least amount of investment. To achieve a reasonable mix of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and calcium, magnesium and various trace element fertilizers, to maintain a proper ratio between various nutrients, to achieve full-price nutrition, to avoid excessive accumulation of nitrate in vegetable products.
(4) Adding biological fertilizers to rationally apply biological fertilizers, including biological and biological organic fertilizers, such as rhizobial fertilizers, nitrogen-fixing fungi, phosphate-dissolving fungi, potassium-dissolving fertilizers and combinations of several fungi Fertilizer helps to improve the nutrient efficiency of the soil and reduce the amount of fertilizer applied. Under the action of microorganisms, the nutrients needed to produce and decompose vegetable crops can supply nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients, as well as crops of calcium, magnesium, sulfur, iron, manganese, zinc, copper, boron, molybdenum and cobalt. More than a dozen kinds of medium and trace elements such as silicon, and the release of nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are regulated by microorganisms, which can ideally meet the balance requirements of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and medium and trace elements in vegetable crops. Long-term application can achieve the effect of combining land and land, can increase soil organic matter content, change soil physical and chemical properties, and significantly improve the comprehensive effects of water, fertilizer, gas and heat in the soil. The longer the time is, the more fertile the soil is, and the yield is increased. The more it is, it is a sustainable virtuous cycle, and at the same time it is a technical measure that can reduce the nitrate content in vegetables and maintain high yield of vegetables.
(5) Adopt scientific fertilization method to achieve deep application and apply limit in fertilization mode. When using chemical fertilizer as the base fertilizer, carry out deep application. When doing topdressing, try to "snack more meals". It is best to mix the fertilizer with organic fertilizer and apply it to the ground. Top dressing is generally difficult to apply in depth, so it should be strictly controlled for multiple fertilization. It is better to increase the number of top dressings to meet the demand for nutrients in vegetables. It is not possible to apply too much fertilizer at one time, resulting in imbalance of nutrients in vegetables and reducing the quality of vegetables. For vegetables with shorter growth period, the use of disposable base fertilizer is more effective than lower top dressing for reducing nitrate content.
The type and type of fertilizer that does not adversely affect the nutrition and quality of the environment and vegetables should be selected. The types and types of fertilizers that can be applied in safe vegetable production can include the following: organic fertilizers include farmyard manure and commercial organic fertilizers, and farmyard manures include compost, mud, cake fertilizer, manure, biogas fertilizer, green manure, crop straw, and the like. The compost should meet the NY/T394-2000 "Hygiene Standard for High Temperature Composting". Commercial organic fertilizers shall comply with the “Permissible Contents of Contaminants in Organic Fertilizers†in NY/T5018. Microbial fertilizers include humic acid fertilizers, rhizobial fertilizers, potassium bacterial fertilizers, phosphorus bacterial fertilizers, and compound microbial fertilizers. The effective viable count of microbial fertilizers must meet the requirements of 4.1 of Microbial Fertilizer NY227, and the health indicators must meet the requirements of 4.2 “Defective Harmlessness Index†in NY227. Inorganic mineral fertilizers include inorganic nitrogen fertilizer, mineral potassium fertilizer, and mineral phosphate fertilizer. Inorganic nitrogen fertilizer should be selected to apply ammonium nitrogen fertilizer or urea; phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should meet the requirements of NY/T394-2000 sanitary standard, in which phosphate fertilizer advocates the application of calcined phosphate, the impurity control index is: 1% P2O5, As≤0.004%, Cd ≤0.01%, Pb≤0.002%; Potassium fertilizer advocates the application of potassium sulfate, the impurity control index is: 1% K2O, As≤0.004%, Cl≤3%, H2SO4≤0.5%. Medium and trace element fertilizers Calcium, magnesium, copper, iron, boron, zinc, molybdenum, manganese and other medium and trace elements are mainly composed of single elements or several elements.
2. Reasonable application of fertilizer
(1) Adding organic fertilizers The application of organic fertilizers should not only be sufficient, but must be made harmless. NY/T394-2000 "Guidelines for the Application of Green Food Fertilizers" requires the production of safe vegetables. Organic fertilizers (such as compost, manure, manure, biogas fertilizer) that are officially recommended for safe vegetable production and fully decomposed (harmless) should be used. , green manure, crop straw, mud fertilizer, cake fertilizer, etc.), it is strictly forbidden to apply unfertilized organic fertilizer.
(2) Reasonable application of nitrogen fertilizer Safe vegetable production should be preferentially applied with ammonium nitrogen fertilizer and urea. It is generally not recommended to apply nitrate nitrogen fertilizer alone. In production, the appropriate nitrogen fertilizer application rate should be determined according to the production index to obtain high-yield and high-quality vegetables. The application of nitrogen fertilizer should adopt the measures of “pre-weight and lightnessâ€, of which 1/3 should be used for base application, 2/3 should be used for topdressing, and vegetables harvested by leaf vegetables and roots should be executed for not less than 30 days. Security interval. In order to reduce and control the nitrate content of vegetables, nitrogen inhibitors such as dicyandiamide can be used to inhibit the activity of soil digestive bacteria, thereby reducing the accumulation of nitrate content in soil and vegetables.
(3) Balanced fertilization to carry out balanced fertilization of vegetables, change traditional blind fertilization for quantitative and scientific fertilization, fully improve fertilizer utilization rate and vegetable yield, improve the quality of vegetable products, and improve the economic, ecological and social benefits of fertilization. Achieve the best benefits with the least amount of investment. To achieve a reasonable mix of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and calcium, magnesium and various trace element fertilizers, to maintain a proper ratio between various nutrients, to achieve full-price nutrition, to avoid excessive accumulation of nitrate in vegetable products.
(4) Adding biological fertilizers to rationally apply biological fertilizers, including biological and biological organic fertilizers, such as rhizobial fertilizers, nitrogen-fixing fungi, phosphate-dissolving fungi, potassium-dissolving fertilizers and combinations of several fungi Fertilizer helps to improve the nutrient efficiency of the soil and reduce the amount of fertilizer applied. Under the action of microorganisms, the nutrients needed to produce and decompose vegetable crops can supply nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients, as well as crops of calcium, magnesium, sulfur, iron, manganese, zinc, copper, boron, molybdenum and cobalt. More than a dozen kinds of medium and trace elements such as silicon, and the release of nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are regulated by microorganisms, which can ideally meet the balance requirements of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and medium and trace elements in vegetable crops. Long-term application can achieve the effect of combining land and land, can increase soil organic matter content, change soil physical and chemical properties, and significantly improve the comprehensive effects of water, fertilizer, gas and heat in the soil. The longer the time is, the more fertile the soil is, and the yield is increased. The more it is, it is a sustainable virtuous cycle, and at the same time it is a technical measure that can reduce the nitrate content in vegetables and maintain high yield of vegetables.
(5) Adopt scientific fertilization method to achieve deep application and apply limit in fertilization mode. When using chemical fertilizer as the base fertilizer, carry out deep application. When doing topdressing, try to "snack more meals". It is best to mix the fertilizer with organic fertilizer and apply it to the ground. Top dressing is generally difficult to apply in depth, so it should be strictly controlled for multiple fertilization. It is better to increase the number of top dressings to meet the demand for nutrients in vegetables. It is not possible to apply too much fertilizer at one time, resulting in imbalance of nutrients in vegetables and reducing the quality of vegetables. For vegetables with shorter growth period, the use of disposable base fertilizer is more effective than lower top dressing for reducing nitrate content.
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