In the mechanical manufacturing industry, titanium alloy materials have the characteristics that other metal materials cannot possess: high specific strength, high thermal strength, good corrosion resistance; alloy density is only 58% of steel, so thin made of titanium alloy material The wall shell structure will become a common workpiece for defense products. Due to the thin wall of the workpiece, the machining is easy to deform, the radial clamping force causes the workpiece to be elastically deformed, the tool wear is fast, the processing size is unstable, the processing quality is not easy to be guaranteed, the workpiece rejection rate and the processing cost are high, and the workpiece processing deformation has been plagued. Technician and processing operator.
The traditional titanium alloy thin-walled workpiece processing does not pay attention to the choice of tool materials and cutting elements, so that the processing tool wears faster and the deformation increases; only a single turning process is used, instead of following the gradual recycling process technology to eliminate the processing stress; The clamps used to eliminate the clamping deformation are not properly designed; the process measures of dimensional stability are not paid after processing; the biggest bottleneck of the processing of thin-walled titanium alloy workpieces is that the materials are difficult to process, the dimensional accuracy and shape tolerance are high, and the wall thickness is easy to deform. There are many factors affecting the processing deformation, mainly reflecting the following aspects.
(1) Deformation caused by the thin cutting heat of the workpiece wall
The thermal conductivity of titanium alloy materials is lower than that of stainless steel and high-temperature alloys. The difference in heat dissipation conditions is 1/4 and 1/16 of that of iron and aluminum, respectively. The temperature in the cutting zone rises rapidly, and it is difficult to dissipate near the cutting edge, resulting in processing. Stress concentration near the tip of the tool causes the tool to wear and chip, causing deformation of the workpiece.
(2) The rigidity of the workpiece is poor. The machine vibration and cutting elements are not suitable for deformation during the cutting process.
Thin-walled workpieces have poor rigidity, and when machining thin-walled titanium alloy workpieces due to factors such as machine vibration, improper cutting speed causes vibration during the cutting process and causes deformation.
(3) Deformation of radial clamping force during workpiece cutting
When the titanium alloy thin-walled workpiece is processed and clamped, under the action of the radial clamping force, it is easy to cause elastic deformation, which affects the dimensional accuracy and shape tolerance requirements of the workpiece.
(4) Deformation caused by stress release during workpiece cutting
During the machining of titanium alloy thin-walled workpieces, the stress will be released every time the metal is cut, causing the workpiece to deform.
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