Scientific and orderly development of solar power is a strategic choice for the sustainable development of China's energy and power, and it is also an objective requirement for promoting the construction of ecological civilization. Photovoltaic power generation has the property of high-quality energy and poor quality electricity, while photo-thermal power generation has high-quality energy and high-quality electrical properties. We must effectively implement the "Renewable Energy Law" from the perspectives of the economic society, the energy revolution and the power system, improve and perfect the new mechanism for the scientific development of solar power generation, speed up the resolution of technical, economic, and management issues and strive to improve the quality of development.
Give priority to the development of distributed photovoltaic power generation
Adhering to the principle of combining centralized development with decentralized utilization and giving priority to the development of distributed optoelectronics in the near and medium-term is a profound reflection on the experience and lessons learned from the fact that China’s wind power overly implemented the centralized development of bases during the past decade and brought serious “discarded windsâ€. It is also optoelectronics based on national conditions, especially The correct path for electricity. Guofa [2013] No. 24 document has already proposed the strategic deployment of “vigorously exploiting the distributed photovoltaic power generation market and orderly advancing the construction of photovoltaic power stations†in China, and clarified that the domestic development of photovoltaic power generation is focused on the development of distributed photovoltaic power generation in the near-mid term.
The development of distributed photovoltaic power generation in China has only just begun. It has encountered difficulties in roof implementation, difficulty in recycling electricity charges, difficulties in loan financing, difficulties in access to the grid, and difficulties in quality assurance. This has affected the speed of development and even the completion of the annual plan. , in line with the law of the development of things. As long as the government authorities take the lead, organize relevant departments and units to actively follow the development process, discover problems and organize timely research and resolution, and after 3 years or more, they can move toward sound development. We must not be too eager to seek success. We must raise excessively high target requirements in the early stages of development. We must also not erode the issue of distributed photovoltaic power generation as we encounter problems and difficulties.
Adhere to the correct function positioning
Adhere to the correct function positioning, that is, adhere to the "self-use, excess Internet access, power grid regulation" operating model. Distributed photovoltaic power generation belongs to distributed new energy power generation (power supply) and should follow the general rules and regulations of distributed power supply. The National Development and Reform Commission’s “Provisional Measures for the Administration of Distributed Generation†(hereinafter referred to as “Development and Reform Energy [2013] No. 1381) clearly states that distributed generation refers to the construction, installation, and operation of users at or near the user’s site. Excess electricity will be used to access the Internet, and the integrated power generation facilities with the characteristics of a balanced distribution network system or the energy output will use multiple supply facilities. Article 3 stipulates that new energy generation such as wind energy, solar energy, biomass energy, ocean energy, and geothermal energy that are connected to the distribution network at various voltage levels is a distributed generation method.
According to Guoneng Xinneng [2013] No. 433, distributed photovoltaic power generation refers to the photovoltaic system that is built on or near the user's site, and is characterized by user-side self-use, excess electricity, and balanced adjustment of the distribution network system. The power generation facilities implement the operation mode of “self-use, surplus electricity access, proximity consumption, and power grid adjustmentâ€. Guofa [2013] No. 24 pointed out that the domestic focus on the development of distributed photovoltaic power generation in the near mid-term, the function is located in the "self-use, balance of the Internet, power grid regulation." The Central Committee of the CPC and the State Council's "Several Opinions on Further Deepening the Reform of the Electric Power System" (hereinafter referred to as "Zhongfa [2015] No. 9) have also made it clear that distributed power mainly adopts an operating mode of "self-use, surplus net access, and power grid adjustment."
The National Energy Administration's “Notice on Further Implementing the Distributed PV Power Generation Policy†(hereinafter referred to as “Guoneng Xinneng [2014] No. 406) began to improve the distributed photovoltaic power generation development model and proposed the use of building roofs and ancillary venues in light of the actual development situation. For the distributed photovoltaic power generation project built, a model of “self-use, excess power access to the Internet†or “full-scale Internet access†may be selected when the project is filed. The total power generation of the “full-on-line†project was acquired by the grid companies according to the on-grid tariffs of local photovoltaic power plants. The items that have been implemented according to the "self-use, surplus electricity access" model are allowed to be changed to "full-on-line" mode if the electricity load is significantly reduced (including disappearance) or the supply and use relationship cannot be fulfilled. The local energy authorities applied for a change of filing, signed a new grid-connected agreement with the grid companies, and purchased and sold electricity contracts. The grid companies were responsible for applying for changes to the subsidy catalogue from the Ministry of Finance and the National Energy Administration.
The construction of non-power consumption facilities such as agricultural greenhouses on the ground, access to the power grid at a voltage level of 35 kV and below (66 kV in the northeast region), a single project capacity of not more than 20,000 kilowatts, and power generation mainly at the grid point The photovoltaic power station projects that were replaced in the radio zone were included in the management of the scale of distributed photovoltaic power generation, and the on-grid tariff of the local photovoltaic power station was executed. The adjustment and change of the distributed photovoltaic power generation function positioning and operation mode of the Guoneng Xinneng [2014] No. 406 document can promote the development of distributed photovoltaic power generation in the short term, and the implementation difficulty and distribution can be caused by the functional positioning change at any time in the long run. The huge increase in network investment is not conducive to the sustainable development of distributed photovoltaic power generation. In a word, distributed photovoltaic power generation should adhere to the functional positioning and operation mode of “self-use, excess grid access, and power grid regulationâ€, correctly distinguish distributed photovoltaic power generation and distributed photovoltaic power generation, and achieve standardized legal management.
Actively develop building photovoltaic power generation
Building photovoltaic power generation refers to the distributed power supply installed on the roof of the building and the sunward wall and merged into the user side of the power grid. It is the most important application form of distributed photovoltaic power generation and can be divided into building additional photovoltaic (BAPV) and building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) two. The building additional PV (BAPV) is to install the PV system on the roof or the external wall of the building. The building serves as a support for the PV modules. The PV system itself does not constitute the building. After the demolition, the buildings can still be used normally. . Building Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) refers to the integration of photovoltaic systems with buildings. Photovoltaic modules become an integral part of the building structure, such as photovoltaic roofs, photovoltaic curtain walls, photovoltaic tiles and photovoltaic sunshade devices.
Photovoltaic modules here have been used as building materials and must be sturdy, durable, heat-insulating, water-proof, moisture-proof, moderately strong, and rigid. Building integrated photovoltaic is a more advanced application of photovoltaic building integration. Photovoltaic modules can not only serve as building materials, but also can generate electricity. It can partially offset the high cost of photovoltaic systems and is conducive to the promotion and application of photovoltaics. At present, a large number of building integrated photovoltaic demonstration buildings have emerged in foreign countries.
Compared with photovoltaic power plants, building photovoltaic power generation has the following advantages: First, rational use of the building lighting surface, reducing the occupation of land. The PV system is installed on the roof and wall of the building in the load center, which does not affect the use of the building, but also obtains clean electricity. It also saves transmission investment, and transmission and distribution losses are very low. The second is a higher degree of matching with the load. Photovoltaic buildings are mostly installed in cities. According to domestic and foreign investigations, the peak load of the city is during the daytime, mainly in industrial, commercial, office, and public buildings. The output of building photovoltaics is roughly in line with the power load curve, and can be effectively used. The role of "clipping". The third is the grid connection at the distribution side, and the grid management is relatively simple. By rationally configuring the ratio of building PV to transmission line capacity, PV power will be fully consumed by the load, and there will be no problem of reverse power transmission (backflow) to the medium voltage transmission grid (10 kV, 35 kV, 110 kV).
In addition, building photovoltaics equipped with a certain amount of small energy storage devices (such as a few hours of peak energy storage) can smooth the power supply, eliminate the instability of photovoltaic power generation, and can greatly improve the safety of the power grid, in the event of a major power grid failure Achieve hours of emergency power supply.
Strengthen overall planning and scale management
Strengthening the overall planning and scale management is the main means for the government's competent department to implement the state's macro-control, and it is also an important part of deepening the reform of power administrative management.
The energy administration department of the State Council should strengthen overall planning and not only be responsible for the national planning, supervision, and management of distributed photovoltaic power generation. Guoneng Xinneng [2013] No. 433 published the distributed photovoltaic power generation planning and management authority to the local energy authorities, and was specifically responsible for the supervision and management of distributed photovoltaic power generation planning and construction in the region; the State Council’s energy authority was only responsible for the national distributed photovoltaics. Power generation planning guidance and supervision and management;
The National Bureau of Energy Administration is responsible for supervising the implementation of distributed photovoltaic generation planning and policies, on-grid operation, market equity, and operational safety in the region. Guoneng Xinneng [2014] Document No. 406 has made detailed plans for distributed photovoltaic power generation and proposed that all regions should incorporate photovoltaic power generation into related plans such as energy development and utilization and urban construction. Provincial energy authorities should organize industrial enterprises to concentrate The cities and counties and various types of development zones systematically carried out resource surveys of photovoltaic power generation applications on building roofs and other sites, and comprehensively considered conditions such as roof area and power load, compiled a distributed photovoltaic power generation application plan, and proposed an annual plan in light of construction conditions. New energy demonstration cities, green energy demonstration counties, new energy application demonstration areas, and distributed photovoltaic power generation application demonstration areas shall formulate distributed photovoltaic power generation application plans, and implement key construction projects on an annual basis.
Priority will be given to ensuring the annual scale of projects in various demonstration areas and other projects with clear planning and implementation conditions. From the above two documents, it can be seen that the State Council’s energy authority does not seem to have studied and compiled distributed photovoltaic power generation plans in all provinces, regions, and municipalities. Based on the national financial subsidy capability and the respective local subsidy policies, the overall optimization has formed a national distributed photovoltaic system. Special plan for power generation.
In fact, if all provinces, districts, and cities can optimize the distribution of distributed photovoltaic power generation, photovoltaic power stations, and solar thermal power generation, a special plan for solar power generation will be formed in all provinces, regions, and municipalities, and on this basis, the State Council’s energy authority can fully integrate national financial subsidies and local The introduction of subsidy policies and resource conditions, based on the overall power industry, especially with wind power and other new energy power generation to carry out overall optimization and comprehensive balance, and ultimately the formation of a national special plan for solar power (can also not be distributed photovoltaic power generation, photovoltaic power station and light heat Three special types of power generation planning). Starting from the top-to-bottom linking and actual work, in the case of requiring provinces, districts and cities to formulate special plans for distributed photovoltaic power generation, it is more appropriate to study and formulate national special plans.
The national special plan for solar power generation should be a prerequisite for scale management. Guofa [2013] No. 24 stipulates that the scale of photovoltaic power generation should be coordinated with the scale of the National Renewable Energy Development Fund. According to Guoneng Xinneng [2013] No. 433, the State Council’s energy authority implements total balance and annual guidance of scale management for projects that require state capital subsidies (projects that do not require state capital subsidies are not included in the annual guidance scale management scope), and To clarify the specific process, the provincial-level energy authorities first propose the application for the project scale that requires state funding subsidies for the next year based on the development status of distributed photovoltaic power generation in the region; and after the overall coordination and balance of the energy authorities of the State Council, the annual guidance scale for each region will be issued. The mid-year can be fine-tuned according to the implementation of each region; the annual scale of distributed photovoltaic power generation issued by the energy authority of the State Council, which has not been used in the year, automatically expires; if the gap between the scale index and actual demand is large, the local energy authority The application for adjustment may be made in due course.
According to Guoneng Xinneng [2013] Document No. 433, the State Council department in charge of energy combines the project resources, practical applications, and additional charges for renewable energy prices, and proposes an annual guidance scale for the country and each region after overall coordination and balance. However, there is no Clearly define the internal relationship between planning and annual scale, coupled with the lack of a national plan for distributed photovoltaic generation, the annual scale may lack overall coordination and sustainability, and to a certain extent, it may cause supporting projects to fail to keep pace with the financial situation. Problems such as insufficient subsidy capacity.
Improve on-grid management services to solve the problem of difficult network access
For the issue of distributed photovoltaic generation and grid-connected access, the State Council and the State Council’s energy authority have put forward very specific requirements and regulations. Guofa [2013] No. 24 clearly stated that power grid companies should strengthen the construction and transformation of power grids that are compatible with photovoltaic power generation, and ensure that the supporting power grids and photovoltaic power generation projects are completed and put into operation simultaneously. It mainly includes four aspects: simplifies grid access mode and management procedures for distributed photovoltaic power generation, publishes grid-connected service processes, and establishes a simple and efficient grid-connected service system; the transformation of public grids caused by distributed photovoltaic power generation access is partially performed by grid companies. Investment and construction; optimize system dispatching operation, give priority to ensuring photovoltaic power generation operation, ensure timely integration of photovoltaic power generation projects, and fully purchase the generated power; and exempt the system's spare capacity fees and related service fees for distributed photovoltaic power generation projects.
Guoneng Xinneng [2014] No. 406 Wenhe Guoneng Xinneng [2013] No. 433 proposed more detailed requirements for the first three aspects. However, in the actual construction process, various distributed photovoltaic power generation development companies still generally find it difficult to connect to the grid. This needs not only to be regulated from the management process, but also to be regulated from the overall planning, and to be compensated from the interest mechanism, and to proceed from the three aspects in an overall plan. Distributed grid-connected photovoltaic power generation should be integrated into distribution network planning.
According to Guoneng Xinneng [2014] No. 406, power grid enterprises at all levels must fully consider the development potential, planning and construction of local distributed photovoltaic power generation when adopting distribution network planning and construction, and adopt corresponding smart grid technologies. Configure appropriate security protection and operation adjustment facilities. According to the current national management system, the government's energy authority is the main power planning management entity and responsible entity, and the power grid enterprise is only the planning participant and the power grid construction implementer. Whether or not the distribution network planning includes sufficient capacity for grid-connected photovoltaic power generation to be connected or accepted, and the ultimate responsibility is mainly in the government's energy authority rather than the grid company.
Therefore, during the process of studying and compiling the distribution network planning, the power grid companies must fully coordinate and plan with the distributed power supply planning, layout, and timing within the distribution network coverage; the government's energy authority should lead the research and finalize the distribution network. When planning, it is necessary to take the initiative to coordinate and balance, and when rolling to adjust the special plan for distributed photovoltaic power generation, the rolling adjustment of the distribution network must be completed synchronously to ensure that the distributed photovoltaic power generation can be accessed and consumed in a timely manner. For projects that are not within the specific plans for distributed photovoltaic power generation and distribution network planning, the competent energy authority may not approve, and grid companies will not accept applications for grid connection.
The annual guideline scale issued by the government's energy authority must be based on the specific plans for distributed photovoltaic power generation and distribution network planning. The annual guidance scale and its project are in principle consistent with the two plans. For those that exceed the planned annual scale and projects, only the distribution network can indeed ensure timely grid-connected access, so that it can be added to the annual guidance scale, and the two plans can be rolled and adjusted at the same time.
Strict process management and accountability. Guoneng Xinneng [2014] No. 406 stipulates that a “one-stop†grid-connected service window for distributed photovoltaic power generation should be set up in the municipal (district) power grid enterprises to clearly specify the application conditions, work flow, and processing time limit for online connection procedures. , and announced on the grid company website. Guoneng Xinneng [2013] No. 433 stipulates that grid companies should issue grid-connected access advice within 20 working days after receiving a grid connection application from the project unit, for distributed photovoltaic power generation with centralized multi-point access. The project can be extended to 30 working days.
For projects that are in line with the specific plans for distributed photovoltaic power generation and distribution network planning and within the annual guidance scale, power grid companies should strictly comply with the above-mentioned stipulated procedures and time requirements, issue on-grid access advice on schedule, and strictly follow reasonable durations. Or the parties agree to ensure that the project is connected to the network on schedule. Except for force majeure, if it cannot be completed on schedule, the responsibility of the power grid enterprise and its related personnel shall be investigated according to the law. Because the energy management department approves that the distribution network project is lagging behind or the government department cannot cause it to be completed on schedule, the relevant government departments and their personnel shall be investigated for liability according to law.
Timely development of reasonable compensation channels for power grid companies. The distributed photovoltaic power generation project will be free of system standby capacity fees and related service fees, which will directly reduce the revenue of the grid companies. The grid company is responsible for the access system engineering of the distributed photovoltaic power generation project and part of the investment in public power grid renovation caused by access. According to the needs of development, a comprehensive technology system integrating the monitoring of grid-connected photovoltaic generation with grid operation monitoring, power forecasting, and optimization operations will be provided to provide a clear distinction between the total generation of electricity generated by the project and the amount of “self-use†electricity (including photovoltaic companies in the contracted energy service approach to electricity The user's power supply quantity) and on-grid electricity quantity, as well as the energy meter that transmits the project operation information function to the power operation and dispatching institution, all require the power grid company to increase the investment additionally.
Timely development of reasonable compensation channels for power grid companies. The distributed photovoltaic power generation project will be free of system standby capacity fees and related service fees, which will directly reduce the profits of the grid companies. The grid company is responsible for the access system engineering of the distributed photovoltaic power generation project and part of the investment in public power grid renovation caused by access. According to the needs of development, a comprehensive technology system integrating the monitoring of grid-connected photovoltaic generation with grid operation monitoring, power forecasting, and optimization operations will be provided to provide a clear distinction between the total generation of electricity generated by the project and the amount of “self-use†electricity (including photovoltaic companies in the contracted energy service approach to electricity The user's power supply quantity) and on-grid electricity quantity, as well as the energy meter that transmits the project operation information function to the power operation dispatching organ, etc., all require the grid company to increase additional investment.
In addition, the implementation of national regulations on the management process and time requirements, but also the need for grid companies to increase the cost of human property. In accordance with the principle of balance of power, responsibilities, and profits, the implementation of power grid companies without discriminatory on-grid access to service responsibilities requires the timely establishment of sufficient compensation channels for direct revenue reduction, investment recovery difficulties, and cost increases. In particular, in conjunction with the pilot project for independent transmission and distribution tariff reform, relevant investment in distribution networks should be integrated into the power grid companies' timely assets in full and on time. The relevant costs should be included in the permit cost in full and on time, and electricity prices should be recovered to ensure reasonable returns.
Creating County Mutual Help Organizations and Cracking Roofs to Solve Difficulties The national development document [2013] No. 24 clearly stated that land support policies and construction management should be improved: for the use of unutilized land such as the Gobi Desert for the construction of photovoltaic power generation projects, in the land planning When planning arrangements are moderately skewed, and no conversion is involved, the annual plan of the land may not be used; the method of land supply for leased state-owned land is not explored, and the input cost of the project is reduced; if the photovoltaic power generation project uses unused land, it shall be After the formalities for approval of land acquisition, land allocation can be adopted; the construction and management of photovoltaic power generation projects can be improved and the procedures can be simplified.
Guoneng Xinneng [2014] No. 406 also clearly stated that it is necessary to encourage local governments to establish a coordination mechanism for photovoltaic power generation applications and guide building owners (including users) to build their own or cooperate with specialized companies to build rooftop photovoltaic power generation projects. Coordinate power grid access, project filing, construction management, etc.: For newly-built and reconstructed buildings that have a certain roof area and suitable for photovoltaic power generation applications, installation of photovoltaic power generation facilities or reserved installation conditions should be required; government investment or financial subsidies. Public buildings, affordable housing, new towns and new rural construction should give priority to the application of photovoltaic power generation. "Difficult to implement the roof" is not without roof resources, but it is difficult to coordinate the use. "Difficulty in national land approval" is mainly due to large changes in land properties and long time for approval. How to put the relevant supporting policies of the State Council and its energy authorities in place, and how to resolve difficulties in roof implementation and national land approval, the key is to play a leading role in local governments. It is necessary to strengthen the overall coordination of the entire process, and also to organize specific operations. .
Local governments should study the introduction of guidance on the use of roof resources. Different types of buildings (governments, enterprises or individuals, state-owned enterprises or private enterprises) and different types of roofs (mainly refers to the degree of difficulty in installing photovoltaic power generation on the roof) are separately regulated, and classification and standardization of roof use compensation standards. For government agencies and state-owned enterprise buildings that are suitable for photovoltaic power generation applications, installations that meet the installation conditions must be installed within a time limit, installations that do not have installation conditions but with low renovation costs should be installed after a fixed period of time; public buildings with government investment or financial subsidies, For affordable housing, new towns, and new rural construction, priority should be given to photovoltaic power generation applications.
The special plan for distributed photovoltaic power generation should implement the intention of using the roof. When building roof owners, project units and power users are not the same subject, due to complex economic relations, the interests are difficult to balance and local governments need to coordinate. In the process of research and development of the special planning for distributed photovoltaic power generation, local governments must implement the on-roof resource intentions one by one, not only to calculate statistical roof type, area, and other data, but also to implement well the roof owners' consent to install and dissipate distributed photovoltaic power generation. Use letter of intent.
The counties and districts and large-scale development zones have established professional mutual aid organizations to assist local governments in their specific tasks such as roof implementation, grid access, project filing, and construction management. The professional mutual aid organizations are non-profit organizations. They not only participate in government departments related to distributed photovoltaic power generation, but also participate in related investment enterprises. The source of income is local government special procurement service fees and photovoltaic power generation projects' previous commercialization revenue. In the research and preparation phase of the special planning for distributed photovoltaic power generation, professional mutual aid organizations assist local governments in the implementation of various types of roof-use letter of intent and the definition of relevant land resource attributes, and enhance the operability of the plans.
After the special plan is approved by the statutory procedures, the professional mutual assistance organization assists the local government to implement the project development method and the power generation and consumption plan one by one. The project development methods include the roof owner's independent investment and development, cooperative development or the transfer of foreign investor development. After the country's annual guidance scale is issued, the professional mutual aid organizations assist the local government to openly bid for the projects jointly developed and developed by external investors, select the preferred investment entity, and determine the project investment subject to assist with the implementation of the roof, grid access, and projects. Filing and other matters.
Innovate distributed photovoltaic power generation investment and financing model
Guofa [2013] No. 24 proposed to open up the user-side distributed power supply construction and support and encourage enterprises, institutions, communities and families to install and use photovoltaic power generation systems. Distributed photovoltaic power generation investment models can be divided into three categories:
The first type is the self-investment model, in which institutions, institutions, enterprises, communities, and families that own roof resources invest and install distributed photovoltaic power generation by themselves, relying mainly on self-use for their own purposes. The surplus is sold to power grid companies or other users and power sales companies. . This model has the simplest production relationship and less coordination. Whether it is from the functional orientation of distributed photovoltaic power generation or from the perspective of ease of implementation, independent investment models should receive priority support and encouragement from the state. In order to promote the priority development of this model, it is possible to assist in solving the operation and maintenance of photovoltaic power generation systems for each household by coordinating the establishment of county-level mutual aid organizations or regional specialized operating companies.
The second type is the cooperative investment model, in which the owner of the roof resource invests in the construction of distributed photovoltaic power generation through a joint venture with other investors. There is a wide range of other investors here, either individual investors, capital investors, or energy specialists. For the roofs of communities and families, when roof owners do not have the ability to fully invest in their own capacity, roof owners should support and encourage individual investors in the community and even neighboring households to jointly develop distributed photovoltaic power generation. Digestion. Encourage specialized energy service companies to cooperate with users and jointly invest in the construction and operation of photovoltaic power generation and related facilities that provide power for users.
The third type is the transfer of investment model, that is, the owner of the roof resource leases to other investors to invest in the installation of distributed photovoltaic power generation, and eliminate its power generation. This model has complex production relations, a large amount of coordination, and a long period of preparatory work. It requires the coordination and coordination of local governments.
For the innovation of distributed photovoltaic power generation financing, Guoneng Xinneng [2014] No. 406 proposed specific ideas. The first is to encourage financial institutions such as banks to provide preferential loans for distributed photovoltaic power generation projects, adopt flexible loan guarantees, and explore loan mechanisms that use project power selling charges and project assets as collateral. The second is to encourage banks and other financial institutions to cooperate with local governments to establish a distributed photovoltaic power generation project financing service platform, establish a strategic cooperation relationship with photovoltaic power generation backbone enterprises, and explore the “four advantages for effective, marketable, orderable, and reputable. Enterprises" implement closed loans.
The third is to encourage local governments to combine the people's livelihood project to provide a loan discount interest policy for distributed photovoltaic power generation. Fourth, encourage the use of financial leasing methods to provide integrated financial leasing services for photovoltaic power generation, encourage various types of funds, insurance, trusts, etc. to combine with industrial capital, explore and establish photovoltaic power investment funds, and encourage guarantee agencies to build distributed photovoltaic power generation for small and medium-sized enterprises. Credit guarantees, to support PV homes and photovoltaics utilization of agricultural facilities in financial services for agriculture and rural areas. The fifth is to establish a loan mechanism that uses personal income and other credit conditions, and gradually promote the installation of distributed photovoltaic power generation with high credit to provide unsecured loans.
Sixth, we will continue to promote the construction of a demonstration area for distributed photovoltaic power generation and focus on innovation in the development model, investment and financing model, and professional service model. The demonstration zone government is encouraged to cooperate with financial institutions such as banks to carry out pilot innovations in financial services and provide financing services for photovoltaic power generation projects in the region through the establishment of public guarantee funds and public fund pools.
Innovate and improve the electricity price subsidy policy and subsidy fund management
Guofa [2013] No. 24 proposes to implement the policy of subsidizing power distribution for distributed photovoltaic power generation, and establish a system in which the power grid enterprises transfer the subsidy funds on a monthly basis. The central government allocates subsidy funds to power grid companies on a quarterly basis to ensure that the subsidy funds are available in full and on time. The government-owned funds that collect electricity for self-use of distributed photovoltaic power generation and exempt renewable energy price from electricity charges. Development and Reform Price [2013] No. 1638 clearly stipulates that distributed photovoltaic power generation should be subject to the policy of full power subsidy, and the electricity price subsidy standard should be 0.42 yuan (including tax) per kilowatt-hour, which shall be paid through the renewable energy development fund. Transfer payment.
Among them, the distributed photovoltaic power generation system uses more than the amount of electricity available for the Internet and is purchased by grid companies according to the on-grid tariffs of local coal-fired units. For the distributed photovoltaic power generation system, the self-use power shall be free from all types of funds and surcharges levied with the electricity price, as well as the system spare capacity fee and other related grid connection service fees. According to factors such as the scale of development of photovoltaic power generation and changes in the cost of power generation, the state gradually reduced the PV grid benchmark on-grid tariffs and distributed PV power tariff subsidies to promote scientific and technological progress, reduce costs, and increase the competitiveness of the photovoltaic power generation market. It is encouraged to determine the subsidy standard of distributed photovoltaic power generation price through competition means such as bidding, but the subsidy standard of electric power price formed through competition shall not be higher than the subsidy standard of electric power provided by the state.
The Ministry of Finance “Circular on Issues Concerning the Implementation of Distributed Photovoltaic Power Generation in Accordance with Electricity Subsidy Policy†(hereinafter referred to as Caijian [2013] No. 390) clearly states that the state subsidy funds shall be transferred to the distributed photovoltaic power generation project units through grid companies, and The fund appropriation process: According to the additional income from renewable energy prices and the estimated power generation of distributed photovoltaic power generation projects, the central government will allocate subsidy funds to the provincial finance departments of the State Grid Corporation of China, China Southern Power Grid Corporation and local independent power grid companies on a quarterly basis. According to the project power generation amount and the nationally determined subsidy standard, the grid company will pay the subsidy funds in time according to the electricity bill settlement period.
The specific payment methods are formulated by the State Grid Corporation of China, the China Southern Power Grid Corporation, and local independent grid companies. The specific payment methods of the State Grid Corporation of China and the China Southern Power Grid Corporation are reported to the Ministry of Finance for the record, and the specific payment methods for local independent grid companies are reported to the provincial finance department for the record. Within one month after the end of the year, the State Grid Corporation of China and the China Southern Power Grid Corporation conducted liquidation of the previous year's subsidy funds for projects within the scope of operations, and after being reviewed and approved by the provincial finance, price, and energy authorities, they were reported to the Ministry of Finance and the National Development and Reform Commission. National Energy Board. The local independent power grid companies will liquidate the subsidy funds for the projects in the business scope in the previous year, and the provincial finance departments will report to the Ministry of Finance, the National Development and Reform Commission, and the National Energy Administration jointly with the price and energy authorities. The Ministry of Finance, together with the National Development and Reform Commission and the National Energy Administration, reviewed and cleared the accounts.
Guoneng Xinneng [2014] Document No. 406 combined with the practical difficulties in the development process, supplemented and improved the electricity tariff settlement and subsidy allocation of distributed photovoltaic power generation. The first is that each grid company shall, on a monthly basis (or as agreed between both parties) and the distributed photovoltaic power generation project units (including individuals), settle the electricity tariffs and transfer the state subsidy funds, to make a good prediction of the generation of distributed photovoltaic power generation, according to the distributed photovoltaic power generation project. The principle of priority should be used to make budgets and plans for the use of subsidies and ensure that state subsidies for distributed photovoltaic power generation projects are transferred in full and on time. Second, power grid companies should cooperate with the local taxation authorities in accordance with relevant regulations to properly handle the issue of invoices for the purchase of distributed photovoltaic power generation project power products and tax collection.
Thirdly, for the projects that have been filed and meet the requirements of annual scale management, grid companies should make statistics on the settlement of project electricity charges and the distribution of subsidies, and submit relevant information to national and provincial energy authorities and agencies dispatched by the National Energy Administration as required. Fourth, after the acceptance of the project to the grid, the power grid enterprise agency reported quarterly application qualifications to the Ministry of Finance and the National Energy Administration.
From the theoretical analysis, as long as the strict implementation of the above-mentioned policy documents issued by the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Finance, and the National Energy Administration, it is possible to better solve the issue of tariff collection and tariff subsidies in place. However, in the actual implementation process, two major problems have not been resolved.
Analyze the reasons:
First, the development time of distributed photovoltaic power generation is not long. The new approach involves many government departments and links, and it will take some time to adjust and improve various supporting policies and rationalize the work flow. It is normal for these problems to arise in the early stages of development.
Second, there is a gap in the total amount of state financial subsidy funds, and the central government is unable to fully equip the State Grid Corporation of China, China Southern Power Grid Corporation, and local independent grid companies according to the additional income from renewable energy prices and the estimated generation of distributed photovoltaic power generation projects. The provincial finance department pre-assigned the subsidy funds. Therefore, it is difficult for power grid companies to pay subsidy funds on time and in full according to the project's power generation capacity and the nationally determined subsidies. This needs to adhere to the principle of directly linking the scale of development with the capacity of financial subsidies, and determine the scale of development based on financial resources.
Thirdly, the process of appropriating state subsidy funds needs to be optimized. It is necessary to make full use of the role of power grid companies, strengthen overall planning and inter-ministerial joint project approval systems, enhance information transparency, make full use of the Internet to shorten audit time, and accelerate the allocation of funds.
Fourth, the full implementation of power grid companies commissioned by the tariff system. In the early stage of the development of distributed photovoltaic power generation, the state explicitly entrusted the power grid companies to take charge of the provision of electricity fee collection, subsidy application, and other services for distributed photovoltaic power generation projects. The related costs incurred for this purpose should be uniformly paid from renewable energy price surcharges, or The permitted transmission and distribution network costs in the independent transmission and distribution tariffs are recovered.
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