The energy consumption per unit of GDP is reduced by about 20%, the total discharge of major pollutants is reduced by 10%, and the deterioration of the ecological environment is basically contained... This is a development goal proposed by the 11th Five-Year Plan, and it is also the government’s The solemn commitment made by the people. In view of the rapid progress of the “emission reduction†target, Minister of Environmental Protection Zhou Shengxian said that in 2010, sulfur dioxide emissions will strive to reduce another 400,000 tons compared with 2009. Chemical oxygen demand reduction will be based on the completion of the “Eleventh Five-Year Planâ€. Cut another 200,000 tons or more.
Thank you for the winter and spring. In the case of a finger, the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" is only half-loaded in the remaining area.
The energy consumption per unit of GDP is reduced by about 20%, the total discharge of major pollutants is reduced by 10%, and the deterioration of the ecological environment is basically curbed...
This is a development goal put forward by the 11th Five-Year Plan, and it is the solemn commitment of the government to the people.
In the past four years or so, the government's efforts to promote energy conservation and emission reduction have been obvious to all. The results are obvious to all, and the difficulties are obvious to all.
Nowadays, the question that has drawn the attention of the whole country and the whole world is - can these promises be fulfilled as scheduled after half a year?
Can the "Eleventh Five-Year" commitment be honored?
“All the energy consumption in our building comes from the cement kiln: we use the waste heat from the cement kiln to generate electricity. We use the heat from the cement kiln to supply the hot water.†He Chengfa, deputy general manager of Anhui Conch Cement Co., told reporters. “Last year, our solar thermal power generation reached 3.2 billion kWh, which brought huge economic benefits to the company.â€
Under the encouragement of the policy, energy conservation and emission reduction have become a common practice. In high-energy-consuming industries such as steel, non-ferrous metals and building materials, energy-saving and emission reduction has become the conscious pursuit of many enterprises, and has made its own contribution to the completion of the “Eleventh Five-Year†energy-saving emission reduction targets.
According to Xie Zhenhua, deputy director of the National Development and Reform Commission, according to preliminary calculations, in the first four years of the “Eleventh Five-Year Planâ€, the national energy consumption per unit of GDP fell by 14.38%, saving about 450 million tons of standard coal; chemical oxygen demand emissions The decrease was 9.66%, and the sulfur dioxide emissions decreased by 13.14%.
"We have reversed the trend of increasing energy consumption per unit of GDP and total emissions of major pollutants due to the accelerated development of industrialization and urbanization in the late 10th Five-Year Plan. These achievements have also been widely praised by the international community." Xie Zhenhua said.
We are proud of our current achievements, but the gap is still small compared to the expected target of a 20% reduction in energy consumption per unit of GDP.
In 2010, this will be a very difficult year for energy saving tasks.
What is even more worrying is that in the first quarter of this year, due to the rapid growth of high-energy-consuming industries, some backward production capacity has resurfaced. After preliminary accounting, the national energy consumption per unit of GDP has not decreased, but has increased by 3.2%.
When you are not waiting, you will only fight for the day! To achieve the 20% energy-saving goal, you must make up your mind, face the difficulties, and attack!
"At present, the effect of the policy has initially appeared, and the situation of energy conservation and emission reduction has improved." Xie Zhenhua said, "But the situation is still very serious. We must not relax at all. We must ensure that the energy conservation and emission reduction targets are completed on time and without compromise."
Why is it easy to save energy?
Among the three main indicators for energy conservation and emission reduction, although the “energy-saving†indicator is still not optimistic, the targets of sulfur dioxide emission reduction have been exceeded in advance in the two “emission reduction†indicators, and the target of chemical oxygen demand reduction is also victorious. .
"Emission reduction" and "energy saving" are quick and easy, and they are thought-provoking.
“Energy saving is difficult, which is related to our energy structure. China has more coal and less oil, and long-term development has formed a certain path dependence. It is difficult to change at one time.†Deputy Office of the Institute of Resources and Environmental Policy, Development Research Center of the State Council Li Zuojun said.
He Jiankun, a professor at Tsinghua University, believes that when a country is in the stage of heavy chemical industry development, GDP energy intensity will rise. In South Korea, for example, from 1971 to 1997, its GDP energy intensity increased by 45%. If China does not adopt strong energy conservation and emission reduction measures, China's energy consumption per unit of GDP during the 11th Five-Year Plan period may continue to rise.
Li Zuojun said that the outbreak of the financial crisis actually hindered last year's "energy saving" work. In 2007 and 2008, China's energy consumption per unit of GDP fell by 4.04% and 4.59% respectively. In 2009, under the pressure of “guaranteeing growthâ€, some heavy chemical projects were launched, resulting in a decrease of 2.2% in energy consumption per unit of GDP. .
Experts believe that compared with “energy savingâ€, “emission reduction†is progressing faster, perhaps due to the ease of operation of “emission reduction†work.
"With sulfur dioxide as an example, we can over-fulfill the task of reducing sulfur dioxide emissions in advance. One important reason is that the country has shut down many small thermal power plants through 'big and small pressures'; and most of the power companies are large state-owned enterprises, which are more 'listen to hello'. Therefore, in recent years, the sulfur dioxide emission reduction effect of the power industry has been very significant, offsetting the increase in sulfur dioxide emissions in other industries." Li Zuojun said.
In view of the rapid progress of the “emission reduction†target, Minister of Environmental Protection Zhou Shengxian said that in 2010, sulfur dioxide emissions will strive to reduce another 400,000 tons compared with 2009. Chemical oxygen demand reduction will be based on the completion of the “Eleventh Five-Year Planâ€. Cut another 200,000 tons or more.
"Although the effectiveness of emission reductions is relatively significant, the state must take practical measures to prevent local falsifications in statistics." Zhao Zhangyuan, a former researcher at the China Academy of Environmental Sciences, said, "Now some companies have built environmental protection facilities such as sewage treatment, but they are often only The inspections were opened, and they stopped when they left. Some small thermal power plants were converted into garbage incineration plants, but they still use a lot of coal and oil to generate electricity, and they are still emitting sulfur dioxide."
Promoting economic transformation through institutional reform
To fight a protracted war, there must be corresponding strategies and tactics. However, one fact that does not have to be rumored is that since the "11th Five-Year Plan", China's achievements in energy conservation and emission reduction have relied more on administrative means such as signing responsibility and inspection; whether these measures can promote energy conservation and emission reduction. Long-term plan?
"Administrative means is certainly not a long-term solution. We tend to adopt administrative means, mainly because we are familiar with administrative means, and administrative means are effective." Li Zuojun said, "In the long run, we still have to rely on market and legal means, but Now their foundation is still weak."
Zhao Zhangyuan believes that China does not lack laws. We have a large number of laws such as the Energy Conservation Law, the Renewable Energy Law, the Cleaner Production Promotion Law, the Circular Economy Promotion Law, and the Environmental Protection Law, but the problem is that the implementation is not ideal. .
"The current situation is often that there is no way to do it. The unruly enterprises are not in charge. The result is that the law-abiding enterprises suffer losses." Hui Zhigang, deputy general manager of Maanshan Iron and Steel Group, said, "Some small steel mills do not have environmental protection facilities, products. The cost is low, but there is a certain market."
Zhao Zhangyuan believes that the key to changing the status quo of not complying with the law is to rationalize the law enforcement system. For example, the environmental protection department is now a component of the local government. If local leaders want to protect polluting enterprises, the environmental protection department will not dare to make a difference. If the environmental protection system adopts a vertical management system, personnel and funds are independent of the local government, and the situation will be much better.
"From a longer-term perspective, to promote energy conservation and emission reduction, it is necessary to adjust the economic structure and vigorously develop the tertiary industry, and no longer rely on investment and rely on the development of heavy chemical industry." Institute of Social Development, Peking University Associate Professor Wang Wen said, "But to change the investment-driven growth model, we must deepen institutional reforms, create a better development environment for the service industry, and let local leaders really put people's livelihood instead of GDP first."
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