These smart home appliances safety knowledge you deserve to understand

With the continuous development of the Internet of Things and smart terminals, more and more devices are becoming more intelligent. In the next few years, more home appliances will enter the smart era, based on applications such as digitalization, triple play, Internet of Things, big data, and cloud computing. Technological smart appliances will be the backbone of information consumption.

Smart home appliance security we will introduce the following aspects:

1) Domestic appliances intelligent protocol 2) smart appliances network topology diagram 3) smart appliances security attack and defense 4) security reinforcement <br> smart appliances <br> What is a smart home appliances?

Smart home appliances are household appliances formed by introducing microprocessors, sensor technologies, and network communication technologies into home appliances. They automatically sense the status of residential spaces and the status of home appliances and home appliances. They can automatically control and receive residential users in residential or remote homes. The control instructions; At the same time, smart home appliances as an integral part of the smart home, can be connected with other home appliances and homes in the house to form a system to achieve smart home function.

The main control method of smart home appliances

1) Local area network is controlled through Wi-Fi;

Smart TVs with the Android operating system are generally controlled using Wi-Fi, and there are few remote controls. Smart TV itself needs the ability to connect to the Internet, and control through Wi-Fi is its best choice. And because there is no need for remote control, permissions are controlled within the LAN.

2) Cloud Intelligent Remote Control;

Equipment requiring remote control mainly includes cameras, washing machines, rice cookers, and so on.

3) Control via Bluetooth;

Networked device systems are relatively complex. Some devices do not require remote control and do not have to connect to the Internet. In this case, Bluetooth control is usually selected. Smart light bulb, audio, etc. 4) ZigBee control ZigBee is translated as "Zigbee", which is similar to Bluetooth. An emerging short-range wireless communication technology for sensing control applications.

5) The ZigBee smart socket (ZigBee version) and the Xiaomi gateway have joined the ZigBee control.

First, the defects of the wired control system

Due to the obvious defects of the wired control system, wireless control gradually occupied the smart home appliance market.

The defects of the wired system are as follows:

1. wiring trouble;

High cost 2. 3. 4. Effect of poor scalability appearance <br> <br> two, three major wireless protocols Comparison

Although wireless control has more advantages than cable, there are still many problems that arise. The most obvious problem is that the industry has not yet established a unified protocol for the selection of a smart home wireless communication. All major manufacturers are eager to use the agreement they have advocated or adopted as a unified agreement for smart homes. However, after all, they are counterproductive, leading to the current trend of "three pillars" in the mainstream smart home protocol.

Comparison of wireless technology parameters

WiFi has a wide range of transmission, fast transmission, health and safety, and high popularity. Become an important way for mobile terminals to connect to the Internet.

Low Bluetooth power transmission rate is generally low, the number of device connections is small, and the Bluetooth device has a single connectivity.

Zigbee is not widely used in the above two technologies and is relatively unfamiliar to non-technical people. Its main advantages are low power consumption, low cost, and strong networking capabilities. The disadvantages are also obvious, and the transmission rate is low and sometimes delayed.

Third, the new development of wireless agreement

The ZigBee Alliance's latest release of the ZigBee version 3.0 standard, which emphasizes low latency and low power consumption, and adds Internet Protocol (IP) support capabilities, can greatly simplify the complexity of various device interconnection designs in the home, while enabling Users use the IP network for remote control, thus becoming the ideal technology for creating smart homes.

Because ZigBee 3.0 is fully IP compliant, ZigBee devices are similar to Wi-Fi devices and typically connect to the Internet via a router, gateway, or set-top box, allowing people anywhere in the world to use Internet-connected PCs, tablets, or smart phones. Applications, such as any other device for instant control. Since ZigBee is fully compatible with Wi-Fi and IP, it is not necessary to insert a ZigBee chip in the handset itself to discover and control ZigBee-connected smart homes and IoT devices. This can be done through any networking center, which means that PCs and smartphones connected via Wi-Fi or cellular networks can serve as dashboards and can easily discover and communicate with other ZigBee devices. .

The most important feature of Bluetooth 4.2 standard is: faster data transmission, more powerful privacy features, and Ipv6 network support.

Under this standard, if there is no user's permission, Bluetooth signals will not be able to connect and track user devices, which greatly protects the privacy of users. You can rest assured that you can use it on a wearable device without worrying about being tracked. The biggest improvement in the new standard is also support for 6LoWPAN. Bluetooth 4.2 devices can directly access the Internet through IPv6 and 6LoWPAN. This technology allows multiple Bluetooth devices to access the Internet or local area network through a single terminal. In this way, most smart homes can abandon relatively complicated WiFi connections and switch to Bluetooth transmissions, making the interconnection between personal sensors and families more convenient and faster.

Both Zigbee and Bluetooth are trying to support IPv6 and connect to the Internet. Wi-Fi technology is also constantly evolving, mainly from both high speed and low power consumption. 5Gwifi has been gradually introduced to the market, 5Gwifi will greatly increase the speed of wifi. In addition, a new wireless Internet technology called Li-Fi has a blazing fast speed that allows you to "download 23 DVD movies in one second."

In terms of power consumption, computer scientists and electronic engineers at the University of Washington recently developed a new type of WiFi technology, passive WiFi. This passive WiFi device can utilize the extremely weak power to achieve the transmission function of the traditional WiFi device, and the power consumption is only one ten thousandth of the power consumption of the traditional WiFi device.

Fourth, the new agreement Thread

Now more commonly used network protocols are WiFi, Bluetooth, ZigBee, but there are shortcomings: WiFi power consumption is relatively large, suitable for the transmission of large amounts of data; Bluetooth power consumption is relatively low, but there is still a confusion between Bluetooth 2.0 and Bluetooth 4.0 coexistence , And does not support IPv6; ZigBee wiring is more complex and more suitable for commercial use.

Three companies, Samsung, ARM, and Nest, joined forces to launch Thread, improving the shortcomings of the above protocol and supporting IPv6 through 6LoWPAN technology. Thread can support more than 250 devices at the same time networking, can cover all the home light bulbs, switches, sensors and smart devices. Optimized power consumption, ultra-low power consumption, and equipment can operate for years. In addition, Thread is based on ZigBee, which means that the original ZigBee device only needs to update the software to be compatible with Thread.

The first two smart home appliance cracks introduced the security system of smart home appliances and the agreement used by smart home appliances. From the beginning of this issue, we will introduce the network topology, security vulnerabilities, and patching proposals for smart appliances.

First, smart home appliance network topology
Figure 1: Topological diagram of smart appliance network

(1) Smart appliances are divided into two types. The first type is a smart home appliance with an Android operating system, such as a smart home appliance with a smart operating system such as a refrigerator or a TV. The device can interact with the cloud. The APP on the user's mobile phone can control and manage the device.

(2) The second type of smart home appliance has no operating system installed, but can interact with the cloud, and the user's APP can control and manage the device by sending an instruction to the cloud. Such as washing machines and air conditioners.

(3) Different types of smart home appliances are faced with different security threats due to the different control modes they use and the different communication methods with the cloud.

Second, smart home appliances security reinforcement program

Most of the attacks based on the http protocol are captured using instructions, then the computer is used for instruction replay, and finally the instructions are personalized to try various possibilities.

1. The data is transmitted using the https protocol. After the https data packet is encrypted and there is no meaningful plaintext information, it is difficult for an attacker to obtain the command information and cannot perform command replay attacks.

2. Avoid the use of weak keys. When an attacker encounters a relatively complex password, it is generally difficult to continue.

3. The server does not return too much unnecessary information. The attacker often needs to test according to the server's return information to confirm some information. 4. Try to avoid sending information in clear text. You can use private encryption algorithm to encrypt the information. 5. Each command The source of the command needs to be authenticated and the device information can be added.

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