【Accessories】Self-repair materials for smart textile materials

In the mid-1980s, people hoped to find materials for smart materials systems that integrate sensing, driving, and information processing. New developments in textile technology in the 21st century have enabled the production of “smart”, “smart” and “smart” fiber materials for the production of smart textiles, or use conventional fabrics as a “platform” to add a variety of new chemical materials. Produce smart textiles. The concept of smart fiber comes from bionics, and it generally achieves self-repair, self-adjustment, self-diagnosis, self-adaptation, self-recovery and other functions from the aspects of bionics, molecular design, and composite technology.

Among them, polymer matrix composites with self-repairing function are hot topics in academia in recent years. At present, the development and research in this field has become a hot spot in the scientific community. As a new type of smart material, self-healing polymer matrix composites are self-healing mechanisms that mimic the self-healing mechanism of biological damage.

The self-repairing methods of polymer matrix composites mainly include intrinsic self-repairing and foreign aid self-repairing. The difference between the two lies in whether the self-healing system needs an additional repair agent. The external self-repairing self-repairing function is achieved through the addition of a repair agent in the material system. This article focuses on the introduction of self-healing materials for external aids.

Hollow fiber self-healing material

Hollow fiber self-repairing method repair mechanism is to hollow fiber embedded in the matrix material, the hollow fiber is filled with repair fluid, when the material damage occurs through the release of hollow fiber repair fluid bonding cracks in the damage area to repair.

Hollow fiber self-repair process

This method was first applied to fiber reinforced concrete materials. In recent years, many researchers have applied it to the field of self-repair of polymer matrix composites. Hollow fiber diameter is generally 40 ~ 200 μ m, according to the type of fiber repair agent can be divided into three types: hollow fiber filled with a single component repair agent, the component can be in the air and other effects without curing agent The self-repair is realized; the repair agent and the curing agent are respectively injected into different hollow fibers, and the self-repair process needs the contact between the repair agent and the curing agent; the repair agent is injected into the hollow fibers, and the curing agent is dispersed in the matrix material in the form of microcapsules. Need to contact the two to achieve self-repair function.

Nanoparticles self-healing materials

The self-repairing mechanism of nano-particles is that when the material is cracked, the nano-particles diffuse into the crack region (the smaller the nano-particle size is, the better the diffusion effect is), and the diffused nano-particle phase will fill the cracks to repair.

Microcapsules self-repairing materials

Microcapsules self-healing polymer materials were first proposed in 2001 and became a hot topic for research scholars in the following decades. They have become one of the most important self-healing methods. The self-repairing mechanism is: embedding microcapsules containing a repair agent in a polymer matrix material and embedding the catalyst in the matrix (it is also possible to microencapsulate the catalyst into the matrix material), and the material is cracked. The expansion of the crack causes the microcapsules to rupture, and the released repair agent diffuses toward the damaged area under the effect of siphoning. After the catalyst is met, the polymerization repairs the crack.

Microvascular self-healing materials

Although the microcapsule self-healing system is currently the most widely used, it can only achieve a single repair, and there is still a gap compared with the ideal self-healing material. In contrast, the micro-vascular network self-healing system, first implemented in 2007, realized the continuous replenishment of repair agents by simulating the self-healing principle of living tissue and embedding micro-vessels with three-dimensional network structure inside the material. Therefore, multiple repairs of material damage can be achieved.

Self-repair of carbon nanotubes

Carbon nanotubes as a material self-repairing system, the repair mechanism is: the embedded carbon nanotubes in the matrix material acts as a container, in which the repair agent molecules are stored, when the material cracks, the carbon nanotubes break, the repair agent is released After the adsorption at the crack or at the crack chemical reaction bond cracks to achieve self-repair function. The self-repairing system of carbon nanotubes is an ideal self-repairing material system, but it is only at the stage of computer simulation. There is no real experimental research and it is expected to be well applied in the future.

Self-healing polymer materials are currently in the stage of rapid development and belong to the field of interdisciplinary research. Therefore, researchers with multiple knowledge backgrounds are required to join. The future development trends are: 1 Optimize and develop new self-healing systems, improve repair efficiency and self-repair cycle times; 2 Self-repair function does not affect the performance of the matrix material; 3 Self-repairing also has self-diagnosis function, making self-healing polymerization Material material to achieve real bionic material; 4 from laboratory research to engineering applications.

The development of smart materials lays a solid foundation for the development of smart textiles and promotes the development of high-end textile industries. We apply the smart materials to textiles or make textiles intelligent, so that traditional textiles are blooming.

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