Handling vehicles are essential equipment used in loading, unloading, stacking, and transporting goods within industrial and logistics environments. These vehicles typically consist of three main components: the working device, the operating mechanism, and the power system. They are widely applied in ports, warehouses, airports, freight yards, and factory settings for short-distance material handling and cargo operations. This includes both wheeled and rail-based systems, even those not intended for railway use. Shanghai Logistics Company has conducted extensive research on these vehicles, which are now commonly used to perform loading and unloading tasks inside containers, cabins, and compartments.
(1) The rated load capacity of a transport vehicle refers to the maximum weight it can safely lift and move under normal operating conditions. This capacity varies significantly depending on the type of vehicle. For example, standard forklifts usually have a rated load of around 3 tons, while some heavy-duty models can reach up to 60 tons. Automated guided vehicles (AGVs), on the other hand, generally have a lower capacity, ranging from 500 kg to 1,500 kg.
(2) The horizontal travel speed is the maximum speed a vehicle can achieve on flat, straight surfaces. This factor directly impacts the efficiency of the vehicle's operation. Internal combustion forklifts typically operate at speeds between 20 to 27 km/h, while electric forklifts may have slightly lower speeds, ranging from 14 to 18 km/h.
(3) The lifting and lowering speed of the vehicle indicates how fast it can raise or lower a load. These speeds are crucial for operational efficiency and depend on the design and materials of the vehicle. Faster lifting and lowering capabilities can significantly improve productivity in logistics processes.
(4) The minimum turning radius refers to the smallest distance a vehicle can turn when moving at low speed with the steering wheel fully turned. A smaller turning radius enhances maneuverability, especially in confined spaces. This feature is particularly important for automated warehouses where space optimization is critical.
(5) The self-weight of the transport vehicle is the total weight of the vehicle without any load. From an energy efficiency standpoint, lighter vehicles are preferred. However, when selecting a transport vehicle, it's also important to consider the structural integrity of the workspace, such as the floor or container, to ensure it can support the vehicle's weight.
(6) The dimensions of the transport vehicle—length, width, and height—are key factors in determining its suitability for specific work environments. For instance, in automated storage systems, the vehicle must fit within narrow aisles to maximize space utilization. Therefore, designing compact and efficient handling vehicles is essential for modern logistics operations.
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