Characteristics of Sliding Bearings
Source: Bearing Network | Date: February 5, 2014
Sliding bearings, also known as plain bearings, operate under sliding friction. They are designed to support rotating shafts and provide smooth, stable, and quiet operation. When operating under liquid lubrication conditions, the sliding surfaces are separated by an oil film, preventing direct contact between the moving parts. This not only reduces friction and wear significantly but also enhances the bearing's ability to absorb vibrations. However, one disadvantage is that the initial starting friction can be relatively high. In a typical sliding bearing setup, the part that supports the shaft is called the journal, while the component that comes into contact with the journal is referred to as the bearing bush. To improve the friction-reducing properties of the bearing, a layer of anti-friction material is often cast onto the inner and outer surfaces of the bushing. This layer is known as the bearing lining. The combination of the bearing bush and the lining is collectively referred to as sliding bearing materials. Commonly used materials for sliding bearings include bearing alloys (also known as babbitt or white metal), wear-resistant cast iron, copper-based and aluminum-based alloys, powder metallurgy materials, plastics, rubber, hardwood, and carbon-graphite. Additionally, modern materials such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE, commonly known as Teflon) and modified polyoxymethylene (POM) are widely used due to their excellent low-friction properties. Sliding bearings are typically employed in applications involving low speeds and heavy loads, or in situations where it is difficult to maintain continuous lubrication. Their durability and reliability make them suitable for a wide range of industrial and mechanical systems.
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