Characteristics of Sliding Bearings
Source: Bearing Network | Date: February 5, 2014
Sliding bearings, also known as plain bearings, operate under sliding friction. They are designed to support a rotating shaft while allowing smooth and stable motion without noise. When operating under fluid lubrication conditions, the sliding surfaces are separated by an oil film, preventing direct contact between the components. This significantly reduces friction and wear, while also providing some vibration-damping capabilities. However, the initial friction during startup is relatively high, which can be a drawback in certain applications. In a typical sliding bearing system, the shaft that is supported by the bearing is called the journal, while the part that comes into contact with the journal is referred to as the bearing bush. To enhance the friction-reducing properties of the bearing bush, a thin layer of anti-friction material is often applied to its inner and outer surfaces. This layer is known as the bearing lining. The combination of the bearing bush and the bearing lining is collectively referred to as sliding bearing materials. Commonly used materials for sliding bearings include bearing alloys (such as babbitt or white metal), wear-resistant cast iron, copper-based and aluminum-based alloys, powder metallurgy materials, plastics, rubber, hardwood, and carbon-graphite. Additionally, advanced materials like polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE, commonly known as Teflon) and modified polyoxymethylene (POM) are widely used due to their excellent wear resistance and low friction properties. Sliding bearings are typically employed in applications where the speed is low but the load is heavy, or when it is difficult to maintain proper lubrication. Their ability to handle high loads and provide smooth operation makes them suitable for a wide range of industrial and mechanical systems.
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