Prevention and Control of Main Pests and Diseases in Summer Maize

In the middle and late stages of summer maize, a variety of pests and diseases can affect the crop. Common pests include corn borers, armyworms, aphids, and red spiders, while the primary diseases are leaf spot, stem rot (both green and dry types), and rust. It is crucial to monitor these issues and implement timely prevention and control measures. When the infestation rate of corn borers reaches 10%, it's recommended to apply phoxim granules directly into the heart leaves of the corn plants. Use approximately 1 gram per plant. This method helps ensure effective pest control during critical growth stages. For corn locusts, you can use 50% emulsifiable concentrate at a rate of 8–10 grams per mu or 10% imidacloprid at 10–15 grams per acre mixed with 45 kilograms of water. These applications help manage locust populations effectively. To control armyworms, spraying with 2.5% deltamethrin diluted 1500–2000 times or 50% phoxim diluted 1000 times is effective. These treatments target the larvae and reduce damage to the crop. Red spider mites become particularly active after the silking stage, especially under dry and hot conditions. When more than 10% of the leaves show signs of infestation, it’s advisable to spray the underside of the leaves with dicofol or omethoate diluted 1000 times. This approach helps prevent further spread of the mites. For leaf spot management, applying 50% carbendazim, 75% mancozeb, or 70% methyl thiophanate diluted 500 times can be effective. These fungicides help protect the plant from fungal infections that can reduce yield. Rust in the early stages can be controlled by using 25% rust powder WP or emulsifier diluted 1500–2000 times, 20% triazole sulfur suspension diluted 800 times, 40% polysulfur suspension diluted 600 times, or 50% ultra-sulfur suspension agent diluted 300 times. Regular spraying helps prevent the disease from spreading. Bacterial wilt should be addressed through prevention. If isolated diseased plants are found during the mid to late growth stages, root drenching with metalaxyl diluted 400 times or carbendazim diluted 500 times is recommended. Apply 500 ml of solution per plant to help control the infection. By staying vigilant and following these guidelines, farmers can significantly reduce the impact of pests and diseases on their summer maize crops. Proper timing and application methods are key to successful pest and disease management. This advice comes from Chen Maochun, affiliated with Shiyan Agricultural School in Danjiangkou City, Hubei Province.

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