To a large extent, the absorption of nitrogen depends on the appearance of the leaves. There are two main forms of inorganic nitrogen absorbed by the roots from the soil, namely NO3-, NH4+. Although some N2 is present in the soil, the roots of the fruit trees cannot be absorbed and utilized because they have no nitrogen fixation ability. Apple roots are able to absorb organic nitrogen from the soil. Ozerol and Titus (1968) and Shim et al. (1973b) found that apple roots can easily absorb 14C of urea and can be synthesized with sugars, organic acids and amino acids. After urea was applied to the roots, 14C was detected from amino acids and sugars in 2 hours (Shim et al. 1973b).
The application of nitrogen fertilizer outside the root has a more significant effect. Yang Xinghong et al. studied the absorption of 15N-urea in apples (Guoguang, Fuji, and Yanqing) before germination in early spring and the absorption and mobilization characteristics after germination. The results showed that the apple branches had a certain absorption capacity for 15N-urea before germination; with the 15N-urea absorbed by germination, spreading leaves and branches moving to the new organs, it has the characteristics of storage nutrition. The application of nitrogen fertilizer outside the root of apple before germination can improve the quality of the leaves. The results of other studies have shown that nitrogen nutrition outside the roots of fruit trees, including nitrogen absorbed by shoots, can improve leaf quality and increase photosynthesis.
Wang Zhongying et al. studied the changes of nitrogen content in apple trees of dwarf anvil. The results showed that the nitrogen content of roots in the early spring buds of the dwarf roots was low, which limited the nitrogen requirement of roots and shoots. Therefore, the dwarf anvil apple tree should pay special attention to the root-extracting nitrogen in the early growth stage to supplement the lack of root absorption.
In the fruit-effect study of applying nitrogen fertilizer outside the flowering roots, after spraying 0.3% urea on the foliar surface, it had a good effect on increasing the fruit setting rate.
The late autumn leaves are topdressed with high concentration of urea, which has a very beneficial effect on the growth and development of fruit trees.
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