Use of phosphate fertilizer on fruit trees

Phosphate fertilizer plays a vital role in the growth and development of fruit trees. To achieve high yields, orchards must be supplemented with appropriate amounts of phosphate fertilizer. However, there are several key considerations to keep in mind: 1. **Timing and Quantity of Phosphate Fertilizer Application** Phosphate fertilizer is a slow-release nutrient, so it's best to apply it in combination with organic fertilizers during autumn or winter. A typical recommendation is to use around 250 kg of organic material along with 4–5 kg of simple phosphate fertilizers like diammonium phosphate. It’s important to note that fruit trees absorb nutrients in balance—insufficient nitrogen can limit their ability to take up phosphorus effectively. In areas with poor soil quality, phosphate fertilizer can be used alongside other amendments to improve overall nutrient availability. 2. **Fertilization Techniques for Fruit Trees** The absorption of nutrients by fruit trees mainly occurs through the fine root hairs, known as capillary roots. Applying fertilizer near these roots enhances its uptake efficiency. The horizontal roots of most fruit trees extend outward to about 1–1.5 times the width of the tree’s canopy, meaning the fertilizer should be placed at the edge of the canopy's shadow. The depth of application also matters: apple, peach, and plum trees have shallow root systems (around 40 cm), while pears and grapes have deeper roots (up to 80 cm). Therefore, the depth of fertilizer placement should match the root distribution to ensure optimal results. 3. **Spraying Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate During Flowering** Applying potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH₂PO₄) during the flowering and early fruit development stages can significantly enhance flower bud formation and increase yield. It is generally recommended to spray this solution once during the initial flowering phase and again during the fruit enlargement period. The exact dosage should follow the instructions on the product label, and some fruit varieties may require 2–4 applications depending on their needs. This practice not only improves fruit set but also helps in enhancing fruit coloration and overall quality. By carefully managing the timing, method, and amount of phosphate fertilizer, growers can maximize the productivity and health of their orchards. Proper application techniques ensure that nutrients are efficiently utilized, leading to better growth and higher yields over time.

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