Analysis of Electric Fan Bearings and Bearing Preloading Techniques

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In computer cooling fans, the reliability of the bearing system plays a crucial role in determining the fan's lifespan, noise level, and overall stability. There are generally two types of bearings used in air-cooled radiators: oil-bushed bearings and ball bearings. Oil-bushed bearings are cost-effective but rely on sliding friction, which leads to higher contact surface area. Over time, the lubricating oil can evaporate, causing wear, increased friction, and higher noise levels, resulting in a shorter lifespan. On the other hand, ball bearings use rolling friction, which generates less heat and offers a lower friction coefficient. This makes them more suitable for high-speed and high-performance applications. As a result, ball bearings gradually became the preferred choice for computer cooling fans. During the manufacturing process of bearings, several factors significantly impact the quality, including the production of steel balls, selection of oil, precision during the production process, the use of aerospace-grade stainless steel, and proper installation techniques. For small motor bearings used in fans, domestic manufacturers still face challenges in meeting the quality standards required by high-speed and high-function electric fans. Some unscrupulous manufacturers even use low-quality or recycled bearings, falsely marketing them as "ball bearings," which can harm consumer rights. While high-quality and low-quality bearings may look similar at first glance, the difference lies in the technical expertise behind their production. One critical technique is preloading, which involves fixing the ball into the bearing sleeve to minimize gaps and reduce wear. In many domestic manufacturing processes, there is often a 5–10 micron gap between the ball and the sleeve after preloading due to dimensional tolerances. This increases wear and reduces the bearing’s lifespan. In contrast, companies like NSK, a leading global bearing manufacturer, apply precise preloading techniques. During this process, the upper and lower sleeves are adjusted with a relative spacing of about 5 microns, ensuring a tight fit once pressed. This eliminates the gap entirely, preventing the ball from moving or jumping during operation, thereby minimizing wear and extending the bearing's life. To produce the best electric fans, it's essential to choose high-quality bearings. A well-known radiator brand in China, Shenzhou Fengshen, has strict quality control measures from the beginning. It uses premium materials to ensure product performance and conducts high-temperature aging tests on various types of bearings. Since 1999, Shenzhou Fengshen has partnered with NSK, the world's largest precision bearing manufacturer, to ensure the quality of its fan products. Today, its computer radiators use NSK-imported ball bearings, guaranteeing long-lasting performance and reliability.

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