New theory improves plastic semiconductor performance to help develop curved screens

According to the Daily Scientific Network, the dream of flexible smartphones and tablets has long captured the imagination of consumers. However, traditional electronic components like chips and displays are typically made from metals and inorganic semiconductors, which are rigid and inflexible. To overcome this limitation, scientists have turned to plastics—specifically polymers—as a potential alternative for creating flexible electronics. While progress has been made in developing flexible devices, one major challenge remains: polymers are not very conductive. Recently, a breakthrough came from American researchers who proposed a new theoretical model and formula to enhance the electrical properties of plastic semiconductors. Their findings were published in the *Journal of the National Academy of Sciences*, offering promising insights that could accelerate the development of next-generation flexible electronics. In the late 1970s, three scientists made a groundbreaking discovery: certain polymers, once thought to be non-conductive, could actually conduct electricity under specific conditions. This discovery earned them the 2000 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Since then, researchers have aimed to harness these unique properties of polymers to create electronic devices that can bend without breaking. However, when polymer-based semiconductors were tested, they exhibited what is known as "abnormal transport behavior"—the movement of electrons through the material was inconsistent, leading to unpredictable performance. According to Andrew Spakcz, a chemical engineering professor at Stanford University, "Polymers can be easily bent or stretched, but at the molecular level, they resemble a tangled bowl of pasta. This irregular structure differs significantly from the more ordered structures found in silicon and other inorganic semiconductors, and it plays a key role in their electrical behavior." Spakcz, along with Roberto Noriega from the University of California and Alberto Serreio from Stanford, developed the first theoretical model that captures the complex, multi-phase structure of polymers at the molecular level. Their goal is to better understand, predict, and ultimately improve the conductivity of these materials. Using their model, the team discovered that different regions of a polymer semiconductor exhibit varying levels of conductivity. They explained that this variation depends on whether the polymer's components are mixed together like a messy bowl of pasta or remain more structured, even when bent. In essence, the very flexibility that makes polymers ideal for bending also reduces their ability to conduct electricity effectively. The new model also helps scientists better balance flexibility and conductivity in polymer semiconductors. Additionally, the researchers introduced a simple algorithm that allows scientists to control the manufacturing process and design materials with enhanced electrical properties. Spakcz said, "A simple theory that can explain the problem is a good start." He added that future research could eventually lead to the creation of flexible smartphones and foldable e-readers. (Liu Xia)

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