Pigs are sensitive to certain types of feed that can be harmful if not properly managed. For example, juicy vegetables, leaves, and grass that are left in hot conditions, stored for a long time, or cooked in a pot may lead to the conversion of nitrates into nitrites. This change can result in nitrite poisoning in pigs, which is dangerous and potentially fatal.
Fresh sorghum and corn seedlings, along with flax leaves, contain cyanogenic glycosides. These compounds can release hydrogen cyanide when the plants are damaged, fermented, or exposed to frost. Even small amounts of this toxin can cause serious health issues in pigs. The regrowth of corn and sorghum after harvesting is especially risky if it has been frosted.
Potato sprouts, stems, and leaves can also be harmful. These parts of the plant contain solanine, a toxic compound that can cause paralysis and other neurological problems in pigs. It's important to avoid feeding pigs any sprouted potatoes or their green parts.
Sweet potatoes with black spots should also be avoided. These spots indicate the presence of mycotoxins, which are harmful to both animals and humans. Consuming such sweet potatoes can lead to poisoning and serious health complications.
Raw beans like soybeans, black beans, peas, and broad beans contain anti-trypsin and other antinutritional factors. Feeding these without cooking can reduce feed palatability, impair digestion, and even cause diarrhea and poor weight gain. Cooking is essential to neutralize these harmful substances.
Rapeseed cake that hasn't been properly processed contains glucosinolates and tannins. When broken down by enzymes, glucosinolates can produce toxic isothiocyanates, leading to reduced feed intake and digestive issues like constipation.
Moldy feeds such as cakes, corn, gluten, or mixed compound feeds can be extremely dangerous. They often contain harmful molds like Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus oryzae, which can produce toxins that cause poisoning in pigs. Always check feed for signs of mold before feeding.
Distiller’s grains, a byproduct of the alcohol industry, should be used in moderation. If fed in large quantities, they can lead to alcoholism in pigs. It's generally recommended that distiller’s grains make up no more than 30% of the pig's diet to avoid adverse effects.
By being aware of these potential hazards and managing feed properly, farmers can help ensure the health and well-being of their pigs. Always prioritize quality, freshness, and proper preparation when selecting and feeding livestock.
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