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Recently, the days of relying solely on traditional methods like bolting, riveting, or welding to join or seal materials are long gone. Nowadays, a vast array of adhesives and sealants provide convenient solutions across various industries, including construction and manufacturing. Often, these non-metallic substances surpass the effectiveness of conventional single-point metal fasteners. Adhesives and sealants not only join materials together but also distribute stress more evenly, offering cost-effective alternatives with improved aesthetics and greater design flexibility. This beginner’s guide dives into the world of adhesives and sealants, highlighting how these products contribute to a sleeker and more polished finish.
Before we delve into the differences between adhesives and sealants, let’s establish the basics. An adhesive, or glue, is a high-strength substance designed to hold two materials together. It is applied to one surface of two separate items that then bond to resist separation. On the other hand, a sealant, or joint sealant, is a lower-strength product ideal for filling gaps between different materials. Sealants prevent the flow of air and water into openings while accommodating differential movement. While this is the general distinction, there are several adhesives that function effectively as sealants and vice versa. The key to choosing the right product lies in understanding your specific application and desired outcome.
### Key Advantages of Adhesives and Sealants
Adhesives and sealants come with numerous benefits over traditional mechanical fasteners like rivets or Huck bolts:
- **Invisible Fastening:** Offers a clean and smooth finish without visible fasteners.
- **Uniform Stress Distribution:** Spreads weight over a larger area, enhancing the bond's durability.
- **Improved Stress Absorption:** Handles stress better than single-point metal fasteners.
- **Thermal Movement Compensation:** Works seamlessly with materials that expand or contract due to temperature changes.
- **Cost and Time Efficiency:** Increases productivity by reducing installation time and costs.
- **Superior Protection:** Provides excellent barriers against moisture, UV exposure, and environmental elements.
### Types of Adhesives
There are countless types of adhesives, each with unique chemical compositions. In this guide, we’ll focus on synthetic adhesives commonly used in construction and industrial fabrication, excluding natural ones. Here’s an overview of some popular types:
#### MS Polymer Adhesives
The latest generation of environmentally-friendly adhesives, MS polymers combine the best of silicones and polyurethanes, eliminating their drawbacks. Easy to use and requiring minimal surface preparation, examples include Aerobolt's Bond Flex and Bond Flex Plus, along with Bostik Xtreme, Soudal T-Rex, and others. Highly versatile, they work well with almost any material. Mid-priced range.
#### Polyurethane Adhesives
Polyurethane adhesives are strong and flexible, bonding well with plastics, metals, and wood. They excel in resisting stretching and adapting to movement. Popular brands include Bostik Matrix FC, Sikaflex 252, and Sikaflex 221. Affordable option.
#### Silicone Adhesives
Certain silicones possess adhesive properties suitable for diverse applications. Although not paintable, they are highly adaptable. Bostik’s Industrial Grade Silicone is a top choice in the construction sector due to its robust adhesive qualities. Another standout is Bostik V60, ideal for painted aluminum and glass applications. It maintains its elastomeric properties under extreme conditions, ensuring long-term reliability.
#### Epoxy Adhesives
Epoxy adhesives consist of two parts—resin and hardener—that are mixed before use. Though less flexible than MS polymers or polyurethanes, they offer superior shear strength and longer open times, making them ideal for complex assemblies. They bond well with metals, fiberglass, timber, plastics, stone, and concrete. Examples include Lord 310 series, Dunlop Builders Bond, and Selleys Araldite. Premium pricing.
#### Acrylic Adhesives
Famous for Super Glue, acrylic adhesives include MMA formulations and cyanoacrylates. MMA adhesives create durable bonds resistant to shear, peel, and impact stresses. Brands like Crestabond M1 series, 3M Scotch-Weld, and Loctite H8000 fall under this category. High-end pricing.
#### Polyimide Adhesives
For high-temperature applications, polyimide adhesives shine in the range of 240–500°C. Expensive yet indispensable for extreme conditions.
### Types of Sealants
Sealants are low-strength products suited for gap-filling and sealing between materials. Their effectiveness depends on their chemical makeup:
#### MS Polymer Sealants
Newcomers to the sealant scene, MS polymers become fully elastic post-curing. They’re compatible with many materials and require minimal surface prep. Soudal Multibond SMX50 and Bostik Xtreme Flex are notable examples. Moderate pricing.
#### Polyurethane Sealants
Tough and abrasion-resistant, polyurethane sealants are paintable and adhere well to most surfaces except glass. Aerobolt Seal Flex, Bostik Seal N Flex 1, and Sikaflex 221 are popular choices. Budget-friendly.
#### Silicone Sealants
Silicones are widely used in areas prone to expansion and contraction. They prevent air and water ingress, excelling in bathrooms and kitchens. Unlike polyurethane, they don’t need repainting. Bostik 6S Sanitary is a preferred option in this category.
#### Butyl Sealants
Synthetic rubber blends, butyl sealants adhere strongly to metals, glass, concrete, and timber. Ideal for curtain walls, window frames, and drains, they handle vibrations well. Selleys Butyl Mastic and Bostik 5612 Mastic are common selections. Economical.
#### Polysulfide Sealants
Resistant to water and chemicals but limited in movement tolerance, polysulfides are typically found in swimming pools. They usually require priming and are relatively costly.
### Conclusion
This guide aimed to demystify adhesives and sealants, helping you choose the perfect solution for your needs. At Aerobolt, we offer a wide range of high-quality structural adhesives, silicones, and joint sealants tailored to various applications. Explore our selection today or reach out to us for expert advice. Copyright © 2024 Aerobolt Australia Pty Ltd. All rights reserved.
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