Steel balls come in various types based on their material composition. Among them, carbon steel balls, bearing steel balls, and stainless steel balls are the most common. While there are other materials out there, they’re not widely used. For now, let’s focus on these three main types.
Carbon steel balls can be further categorized depending on whether they undergo heat treatment. Heat-treated carbon steel balls become much harder, with surface hardness reaching around HRC60. In contrast, unheated carbon steel balls remain softer, similar to regular steel, with a hardness of roughly HRC28. These are often referred to as "iron balls." Naturally, the cost of heat-treated carbon steel balls is higher due to the additional processing, but this doesn’t necessarily mean they’re superior. Once heat-treated, carbon steel balls lose their weldability, making them less reliable even when welded. If welding is required, it's best to use untreated carbon steel balls.
Moving on to bearing steel balls, their quality is measured by precision levels, indicated by grades like G5, G10, G16, and so on, as per the national standard GB/T308-2013. Smaller numbers denote higher precision, meaning better quality. High-precision bearing steel balls are typically found in industries demanding precision, such as automotive components or aerospace, while lower-precision ones are more suitable for applications like grinding, crushing, or mixing.
Lastly, stainless steel balls are available in multiple grades like 201, 304, 316, 316L, 420, 440, and 440C. Grades like 304, 316, and 316L are austenitic stainless steels, non-magnetic, and offer excellent rust and corrosion resistance. On the other hand, grades like 420, 440, and 440C are martensitic stainless steels, sometimes called "stainless iron," which are magnetic, highly resistant to rust and corrosion, and possess great wear resistance. Each type has its own set of advantages depending on the application.
Overall, choosing the right steel ball depends on the specific needs of your project. Whether it’s for durability, precision, or corrosion resistance, understanding the differences between these materials ensures you pick the best option for your purposes.
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